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energies must be borne by the governments or the customers, the utilities are already operating on small margins (Hosein pers. comm. 6 May 2010). The government could set a proper tariff-system supporting renewable energies but this would mean an increase for the already very high customer rates and no government would do that. The Caribbean islands are politically not prepared to set up a tariff system and provide incentives (Hosein pers. comm. 6 May 2010). The government could regulate this by setting binding targets, fixed in a policy. Unfortunately, a legislative period and hence the government planning term is short and for implementing renewable energies it requires stability for a timeframe of decades. Although photovoltaic systems give an extra surplus to the grid with up-front investments for the utility, a technical barrier of photovoltaic applications is their character of an intermittent supply effect. It only generates electricity during the day and varies with solar irradiation. Besides, its peak does not match with the general electricity consumption peaks, which are generally in the morning and in the evening. This means photovoltaic technologies are not reliable enough to provide a certain base-load nor to be a good peak-shaver. Using photovoltaic systems requires back-up electricity and this is an investment, so utilities put a limiting cap for generating photovoltaic electricity (Hosein pers. comm. 6 May 2010). Small Islands have technical concerns, because if they invest in photovoltaic technologies and not in another type of generating capacity, who would take over the responsibility when losing the system, for example in a tropical storm (Bristol pers. comm. 06 May 2010). Another hindrance for renewable energies in general is the lack of local experts, relevant expertise, variety of goods, services and supply (Ministry of Physical Development Environment 2001). It is difficult to approach other islands because well trained and reliable people hardly exist (Burkhardt, D. pers. comm. 27 May 2010). Potential customers often are afraid of what would happen with their photovoltaic system in the eventual case of a hurricane. The GrenSol team comments that the systems are fixed tight to the roof and are approved for class three hurricanes. As long as the roof stays on, the system will also stay. Nevertheless, it is not protected from flying objects that might damage the system. That is why the company recommends getting an insurance, which can be done over the regular household insurance (Burkhardt, D. pers. comm. 27 April 2010). Photovoltaic Framework 69PDF Image | CARIBBEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
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