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7 Viability in Terms of Sustainable Development Governments in the Caribbean are aware of the high dependency on fossil fuels as well as the negative effects of climate change on small islands. Thus, they do consider and strive for a use of renewable energy sources. But as mentioned in chapter 2.2, barriers like inadequate policies and strategies, lack of awareness, knowledge and confidence; inadequate capacity and lack of finances are still big hindrances. Large efforts by international organizations or aid agencies were made to setup plans aiming to reach certain renewable energy shares. But as seen in the summary in Table 5 under chapter 4.4, renewable energy shares are still 0% and renewable energy policies exist mainly just as drafts. The reason was that a wrong approach was followed. The case studies showed that not just the government, but mainly the initiative from the private sector is the key factor. The solar water heater and photovoltaic markets were both established because of strong commitment and the high efforts of national to local manufacturers or distributors together with governmental interactions – a successful cooperation. 7.1 The Sustainable Market Implementation on One Island The main drivers to implement solar energies are economic, the economic optimization for the customer and the emergence of a leading industry (refer to Table 2, chapter 2.1). People want to save high electricity costs and by offering reliable products and services, the private sector is able to satisfy those needs. This would mean the private sector is reflecting the “Leading Industry” under economical drivers in Table 12. The main driver for the government is as well economical – the “Security of Supply”. For the government the “Economical Optimization” in terms of grid coverage is not that significant because in the Caribbean region is already very high with almost 100%, compared to other developing countries. Economical optimization is more important for the consumers to save electricity costs. This driver would also be interesting for the utilities, if photovoltaic technologies would reach grid parity for example. The economical driver is followed by the environmental aspect, which is more seen as a positive side effect as a “real driver” of solar energies. An important environmental effect of solar energies is to reduce emissions. Both, the private sector and the government, Viability in Terms of Sustainable Development 79PDF Image | CARIBBEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
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