PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 008
First Order Draft Contribution to Special Report Renewable Energy Sources (SRREN) 1 volcanoes (1322 in total) and identified geothermal resources in well-explored regions. However, 2 theoretical considerations based on well-explored regions of the USA and Iceland reveal that the 3 magnitude of hidden hydrothermal resources is expected to be 5-10 times larger than this estimate 4 of identified resources (Bertani, 2009). 5 The global geothermal technical potential can be estimated to be almost 30 EJ/y for electricity 6 generation and almost 631 EJ/y for direct utilisation (Bertani, 2009). Technical potential for 7 geothermal-electricity, including EGS, is equivalent to 1000 GWe (1 TWe) of installed capacity 8 assuming an average capacity factor of 0.95, and to 8,322 TWh/y of electric generation. The 9 technical potential for geothermal direct uses is equivalent to 50,000 GWt (50 TWt) of installed 10 capacity, assuming an average capacity factor of 0.40 (Table 4.2 and Fig. 4.1). 11 A comparison of estimates of global geothermal economic potential published by different authors 12 (Bertani, 2003) reveals that the projections are very scattered, due to differences in assumptions and 13 uncertainties in energy recovery factors, economic viability and assumed rates of learning in all 14 areas (exploration, drilling, stimulation, and energy conversion) as deployment proceeds. 15 Nevertheless, a thorough review concludes that geothermal electricity economic potential (by 16 2050) from identified geothermal reservoirs is realistically estimated to range between a minimum 17 of 35 GWe, a median of 70 GWe, and a maximum of 160 GWe (Figure 4.1), depending on 18 assumptions regarding technology improvement, development incentives or constraints that may be 19 in effect over the next 40 years (Bertani, 2009; Fridleifsson et al., 2009; Rybach, 2010; Mongillo, 20 2009; Mongillo et al., 2010). The median value represents an annual compounding growth rate of 21 5% over 40 years and is considered to be economically realisable using present day technology. The 22 maximum value (more than twice the median) represents an annual growth rate of 7% and is also 23 economically realisable, but includes the assessed benefits of future financial incentives, and 24 enhanced technologies such as permeability stimulation and deeper drilling. 100000.0 10000.0 1000.0 100.0 10.0 1.0 50,000 35 10.6 28.6 265 70 440 1,750 815 800 160 1,00 0 2009 2050 2100 Minimum Median Maximum Economic Potential Installed 2050 2050 Technical Electricity Direct Uses Potential 25 26 Figure 4.1. Estimated global geothermal electricity and direct use economic potentials by 2050 27 and beyond, with assumptions of status-quo growth rates (minimum), present technology (median) 28 and technology improvement (maximum). Data for 2009 direct uses correspond to 2005 (to be 29 ). Technical resource potentials (including inferred but unidentified 30 resources) are also shown (Adapted from Fridleifsson et al., 2008, and Stefansson, 2005). 31 The geothermal-electric economic potential by 2100 was also estimated to be around 24 EJ/y, 32 equivalent to 800 GWe of installed capacity using the same capacity factor of 0.95. Do Not Cite or Quote 7 of 47 Chapter 4 SRREN_Draft1_Ch04_Version03 22-Dec-09 updated [by AUTHORS] GW electric or thermalPDF Image | Chapter 4 Geothermal Energy
PDF Search Title:
Chapter 4 Geothermal EnergyOriginal File Name Searched:
SRREN_FOD_Ch04.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |