PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 010
First Order Draft Contribution to Special Report Renewable Energy Sources (SRREN) 1 Table 4.2. Geothermal potentials for the IEA regions (Theoretical and technical potentials adapted 2 from Bertani, 2009). IEA REGION 1. OECD North America 2. Latin America 3. OECD Europe 4. Africa 5. Transition Economies 6. Middle East 7. Developing Asia 8. India 9. China 10. OECD Pacific TOTAL Theoretical Potential 106 EJ 9.402 5.509 2.019 6.083 6.930 1.355 3.732 0.938 3.288 2.487 41.743 Technical Potential EJ/year Economic Potential (2100) EJ/year Direct uses 141.060 81.409 30.711 93.145 106.732 20.711 55.379 14.528 48.842 38.203 4 respectively. 5 4.2.3 Sustainable development and the possible impact of climate change on Electricity 8.384 6.896 1.110 2.390 1.710 0.580 4.300 0.100 3.720 0.770 Direct uses 5.046 0.631 6.307 2.018 0.631 0.505 1.261 0.631 2.523 2.523 Electricity 6.441 0.749 4.494 1.947 0.599 0.449 4.494 0.899 2.397 1.498 23.967 800 630.720 50,000 29.960 1,000 22.075 1,750 Equivalent installed capacity (in GWt or GWe)* 3 *Equivalence considers 0.95 and 0.40 as average capacity factors for electricity and direct uses, 6 resource potential 7 Geothermal energy is a renewable resource, yet it is clearly different from solar, wind, and biomass. 8 As thermal energy is extracted from the active reservoir, it creates locally cooler regions. In more 9 practical terms, commercial geothermal projects are operated at production rates that cause local 10 declines in hydraulic pressure and/or in temperature over the economic lifetime of the installed 11 facilities. These cooler and lower pressure zones lead to gradients that result in continuous recharge 12 by conduction from hotter rock, and convection and advection of fluid from surrounding regions. 13 The time scales for thermal and pressure recovery are similar to those required for energy removal 14 (Stefansson, 2000). Detailed modelling studies (Pritchett, 1998) have shown that this type of 15 resource exploitation can be economically feasible, and still be renewable on a timescale useful to 16 society, when non-productive recovery periods are considered. 17 With proper well placement and reservoir management, geothermal energy can be sustainably 18 developed. In hydrothermal reservoirs sustainable production can be achieved by adjusting 19 production rates and injection strategies, taking into account the local resource characteristics (field 20 size, natural recharge rate, etc.). 21 Time scales for re-establishing the pre-production state following the cessation of production have 22 been determined using numerical model simulations for: 1) heat extraction by geothermal heat 23 pumps, 2) the use of doublet systems on a hydrothermal aquifer for space heating, 3) the generation 24 of electricity from a high enthalpy hydrothermal or EGS reservoir (for details see Rybach and 25 Mongillo, 2006; Axelsson et al., 2005; O’Sullivan, 2008). After production stops, begins recharge 26 driven by pressure and temperature gradients. The recovery typically shows an asymptotic 27 behaviour, fastest at first then slowing down subsequently. Practical replenishment will generally 28 occur on time scales of the same order as the lifetime of the geothermal production systems 29 (Axelsson et al., 2005). Do Not Cite or Quote 9 of 47 Chapter 4 SRREN_Draft1_Ch04_Version03 22-Dec-09PDF Image | Chapter 4 Geothermal Energy
PDF Search Title:
Chapter 4 Geothermal EnergyOriginal File Name Searched:
SRREN_FOD_Ch04.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)