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First Order Draft Contribution to Special Report Renewable Energy Sources (SRREN) United States 3094 MW Mexico 958 MW Guatemala 52 MW Germany 7 MW Total : 10, 743 MWe El Salvador 204 MW Nicaragua 88 MW Costa Rica 166 MW Indonesia 1197 MW Philippines 1912 MW Papua‐N. G. 56 MW N. Zealand 628 MW Portugal Iceland 29 MW 575 MW France 16 MW Austria 1.4 MW Italy 843 MW China 24 MW Japan 555 MW Russia 82 MW 1 Turkey Ethiopia Kenya 82 MW 7.3 MW 167 MW 0.3 MW Australia 1.1 MW 2 Figure 4.6. Geothermal-electric installed capacity by country in 2009 ( 3 Figure shows worldwide heat flow ranks in color (units? 4 boundaries ( ). ). ) and tectonic plates Thailand Credits: [by AUTHORS] [by AUTHORS] To be completed [by AUTHORS] 5 4.4.1 Status of geothermal electricity from conventional geothermal resources 6 In 2009, electricity was being produced from conventional high temperature geothermal resources 7 in 24 countries (Fig. 4.6). Many developing countries are amongst the top 15 in geothermal 8 electricity production, but many more have untapped resources inferred from their favourable 9 locations with respect to active volcanism and fractured crustal rock, for example, Chile and Peru. 10 The worldwide use of geothermal energy for power generation (predominantly from conventional 11 hydrothermal resources) was 67 TWh/year in 2008. The installed capacity by the middle of 2009 12 was 10.7 GWe (Fig. 4.6), and has been growing at 4.4% annually since 2004 (Gawell and 13 Greenberg, 2007; Fridleifsson and Ragnarsson, 2007). This is higher than the 1999-2004 average 14 annual growth rate of 3% (Bertani, 2005, 2009) (Fig. 4.7). 15 Evolution of geothermal installed capacity, annual generation and capacity factor since 1995 are 16 provided in Table 4.4, along with projections to year 2100. 17 Table 4.4. World installed capacity, electricity production and capacity factor of geothermal power 18 plants 1995-2005 and forecasts for 2010-2100 (with data from Fridleifsson et al., 2008, and 19 Bertani, 2009). [TSU: Please add source.] Year 1995 2000 2005 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2100 Installed Capacity (GWe) Actual or mean forecast 6.8 8.0 8.9 11 25 50 Electricity Production (GWh/yr) Actual or mean forecast 38,035 49,261 56,786 74,669 178,000 Capacity Factor (%) 64 71 73 77 81 85 89 90 96 372,000 100 780,000 160 1,261,000 800 6,700,000 20 Do Not Cite or Quote SRREN_Draft1_Ch04_Version03 16 of 47 Chapter 4 22-Dec-09PDF Image | Chapter 4 Geothermal Energy
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