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First Order Draft Contribution to Special Report Renewable Energy Sources (SRREN) Caribbean East Africa Canada Chile Hungary Germany India China Australia Iceland NZ Japan Italy Indonesia Philippines U.S. Mexico Russia Central America Turkey Drivers of near‐term global growth Nascent geothermal markets with significant growth potential Limited conventional resource potential, but exploring low‐ temperature and EGS opportunities Installed geothermal-electric capacity 1 2 Figure 4.8. Global geothermal country rankings by installed capacity and resource type. (Bubble 3 size approximately reflects MWe resource potential) (Emerging Energy Research, 2009.) 4 Today the geothermal-electric capacity represents only 0.22% of the total worldwide electric 5 capacity ( 6 GWe)]). However, taken separately, six of those 24 countries shown in Figure 4.6 (El Salvador, 7 Kenya, Philippines, Iceland, Costa Rica and New Zealand) obtain more than 10% of their national 8 electricity production from high temperature, conventional geothermal resources (Fridleifsson, 9 2007). 10 4.4.2 Status of Enhanced Geothermal Systems 11 There are several places where targeted EGS demonstration is underway. Australia can claim large- 12 scale activity, since by 2010 eighteen stock market-registered enterprises held Australian 13 geothermal licences. A real boom can be observed, with 48 companies in 391 leases (a total of 14 362,000 km2 in six states), US$ 248 million invested to year-end 2008 and more than US$ 1000 15 million forecast to year-end 2014. This is underpinned with government grants to co-fund drilling, 16 geophysical surveys and research totalling US$ 267 million (to year end 2009) (Goldstein et al., 17 2010). Project developers plan to establish the first power plants (with a few MWe capacity) in 18 2010 (Beardsmore, 2007). 19 The EU project “EGS Pilot Plant” in Soultz-sous-Forêts, France (started in 1987), has recently 20 commissioned the first power plant (1.5 MWe) to utilise the enhanced fracture permeability at 21 200°C (low fracture permeability was enhanced). In Landau, Germany, the first EGS-plant with 2.5 22 to 2.9 MWe went into operation in fall 2007 (Baumgärtner et al., 2007). Another approach is made 23 for deep sediments in the in situ geothermal laboratory in Groß Schönebeck using two research 24 wells (Huenges et al., 2009). One of the main future demonstration goals in EGS will be to see 25 whether and how the power plant size could be up-scaled to several tens of MWe by improved 26 reservoir engineering measures. Do Not Cite or Quote 18 of 47 Chapter 4 SRREN_Draft1_Ch04_Version03 22-Dec-09 about 5,000 GWe [TSU: 5 GWe, consitency with table 4.4? (2005: 8.9 GWe, 2010: 11 EGS Hydrothermal Hydrothermal high low temperature temperature Geothermal resource typePDF Image | Chapter 4 Geothermal Energy
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