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First Order Draft Contribution to Special Report Renewable Energy Sources (SRREN) 1 With time, better technical solutions are expected to improve power plant performance and reduce 2 maintenance down-time. More advanced approaches for resource development, including advanced 3 geophysical surveys, reinjection optimization, scaling/corrosion inhibition, and better reservoir 4 simulation modelling, will help reduce the resource risks by better matching installed capacity to 5 sustainable generation capacity. 6 While conventional, high-temperature, naturally-permeable geothermal reservoirs are profitably 7 deployed today for power production and direct uses, the success of the EGS-concept would lead to 8 widespread utilization of lower grade resources. EGS requires innovative methods for exploring, 9 stimulating and exploiting geothermal resources at any commercially viable site. Most of these 10 methods will also improve conventional geothermal technologies. The challenges facing EGS 11 developers encompass several tracks (Tester et al., 2006): 12 1. 13 14 15 16 2. 17 18 19 3. 20 21 4. 22 23 24 5. 25 26 27 28 29 6. 30 Development of exploration technologies and strategies to reliably locate prospective EGS. Improvement and innovation in technologies and methods for the characterisation of deep geothermal reservoirs in ways that enable reliably predictive extrapolations from known to unexplored geothermal resources at specific sites. Improvement and innovation in well drilling, casing, completion and production technologies for the exploration, appraisal and development of deep geothermal reservoirs (as generalised in Table 4.3). Improvement of methods to hydraulically stimulate reservoir connectivity between injection and production wells to emulate sustained, commercial production rates. Development/adaptation of data management systems for interdisciplinary exploration, development and production of geothermal reservoirs, and associated teaching tools to foster competence and capacity amongst the people who will work in the geothermal sector. Improvement of numerical simulators for production history matching and predicting coupled thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-chemical processes during developing and exploitation of reservoirs. Improvement in assessment methods to enable reliable predictions of chemical interaction between geo-fluids and geothermal reservoirs rocks, geothermal plant and geothermal equipment, enabling optimised, well-, plant- and field-lifetimes. Performance improvement of thermodynamic conversion cycles for a more efficient utilisation of the thermal heat sources in district heating and power generation applications. 31 The required technology development would clearly reflect assessment of environmental impacts 32 including land use and induced micro-seismicity hazards or subsidence risks (see section 4.5). 33 4.6.2 Improvements in exploration technologies 34 In exploration, R&D is required for hidden geothermal systems and EGS prospects. Rapid 35 reconnaissance geothermal tools will be essential to identify new prospects, especially those with no 36 surface hot springs. Satellite-based hyper-spectral, thermal infra-red, high-resolution panchromatic 37 and radar sensors are most valuable at this stage, since they can provide data inexpensively over 38 large areas. 39 Once a regional focus area has been selected, success will depend upon the availability of cost- 40 effective reconnaissance survey tools to detect as many geothermal indicators as possible. Airborne- 41 based hyper-spectral, thermal infra-red, magnetic and electromagnetic sensors are valuable at this 42 stage, providing rapid coverage of the geological environment being explored, at an elevation (and 43 pixel size) appropriate to the features being imaged. Ground-based verification, soil sampling and 44 heat flow measurements should follow. Recent advances in remote sensing and airborne 45 electromagnetic methods have yet to be tested in the geothermal environment. Do Not Cite or Quote 26 of 47 Chapter 4 SRREN_Draft1_Ch04_Version03 22-Dec-09PDF Image | Chapter 4 Geothermal Energy
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