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First Order Draft Contribution to Special Report Renewable Energy Sources (SRREN) 1 Research centres are now working towards an integrated approach for the comprehensive 2 characterisation of EGS sites in a variety of geological settings. R&D will need to focus on 3 achieving a better understanding of how cracks form and propagate in different stress regimes and 4 rock types. New tools need to be developed that allow specific zones in a hot borehole to be isolated 5 for both fracture creation and short-circuit repair. This will allow multiple fracture zones to be 6 created from a single borehole, enhance the water circulation rate, and reduce the specific cost of 7 development. 8 4.6.3 Accessing and engineering the reservoirs 9 [TSU: references missing.] 10 4.6.3.1 Drilling technologies 11 Special research is needed in large diameter drilling through plastic, creeping or swelling 12 formations such as salt or shale. Abnormally high fluid pressure in such formations causes 13 abnormal stresses that differ considerably from those found in hydrostatic pressure gradients. To 14 provide long-life completion systems in plastic formations, new cementing technologies regarding 15 the geo-mechanical behaviour of plastic rock need to be defined, especially for deviated wells. 16 Drilling must minimise formation damage that occurs as a result of a complex interaction of the 17 drilling fluid (chemical, filtrate and particulate) with the reservoir fluid and formation. Damages can 18 be reduced by using low mud pressures by means of near-balanced drilling (NBD). NBD and 19 borehole stability under changing stress conditions must be well understood and need to be 20 investigated by fracture mechanical experiments and simulations. Further research is required to 21 understand salinity contrast effects, particle induced damage and filtrate induced damage. 22 The objective of a new-generation of geothermal drilling should be to reduce the cost of geothermal 23 drilling through an integrated effort. Ultimately a larger portion the geothermal resource would be 24 economically accessible, if drilling costs could be substantially reduced by introducing 25 revolutionary methods that use different methods of drilling and completing wells, thermal, particle- 26 assisted abrasive, and chemically-assisted techniques. 27 Production wells in high-grade fields are commonly 1.5-2.5 km deep with production temperatures 28 of 250-340°C. Yet it is well known from research that much higher temperatures are found in the 29 roots of high-temperature systems. The international Iceland Deep Drilling Project (IDDP) is a 30 long-term program to improve the efficiency and economics of geothermal energy by harnessing 31 deep unconventional geothermal resources (Fridleifsson et al., 2007). Its aim is to produce 32 electricity from natural supercritical hydrous fluids from drillable depths. Producing supercritical 33 fluids will require drilling wells and sampling fluids and rocks to depths of 3.5 to 5 km, and at 34 temperatures of 450-600°C. 35 4.6.3.2 Reservoir engineering 36 All tasks related to the engineering of the reservoir require a sophisticated modelling of the 37 reservoir processes and interactions being able to predict reservoir behaviour with time, to 38 recommend management strategies for prolonged field operation and to minimize potential 39 environmental impacts. In the case of EGS, reservoir stimulation procedures need to be refined to 40 significantly enhance the hydraulic productivity, while reducing the risk of seismic hazard. Imaging 41 fluid pathways induced by hydraulic stimulation treatments through innovative technology would 42 constitute a major improvement of the EGS concept. New visualisation and measurement 43 methodologies (imaging of borehole, permeability tomography, tracer technology, coiled tubing 44 technology) should become available for the characterisation of the reservoir. Do Not Cite or Quote 27 of 47 Chapter 4 SRREN_Draft1_Ch04_Version03 22-Dec-09PDF Image | Chapter 4 Geothermal Energy
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