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First Order Draft Contribution to Special Report Renewable Energy Sources (SRREN) 1 properties, well productivity, rig availability, time delays in permitting or leasing land, and interest 2 rates. 3 Drilling of production and injection wells (component b) has a success rate of 70 to 90% (Hance, 4 2005). Factors influencing the cost include: well productivity (permeability and temperature), well 5 depths, rig availability, vertical or directional design, the use of air or special circulation fluids, the 6 use of special drilling bits, number of wells and financial conditions in a drilling contract (Tester et 7 al., 2006). 8 Surface facilities and infrastructure (component c) includes gathering steam and process brine, 9 separators, pumps, pipelines and roads. Vapour-dominated fields have lower facilities costs since 10 brine handling is not required. Factors affecting this component are: reservoir fluid chemistry, 11 commodity prices (steel, cement), topography, accessibility, slope stability, average well 12 productivity and distribution (pipeline diameter and length), and fluid parameters (pressure, 13 temperature, chemistry). 14 Power plant (component d) includes turbines, generator, condenser, electric substation, grid hook- 15 up, steam scrubbers, and pollution abatement systems. Power plant design and construction costs 16 depend upon type (flash, back-pressure, binary, dry steam, or hybrid), as well as the type of cooling 17 cycle used (water or air cooling). Other factors affecting power plant costs are: fluid enthalpy 18 (resource temperature) and chemistry, location, cooling water availability, and the economies of 19 scale (larger size is cheaper). Table 4.7 presents the breakdown of current capital costs (capex) for 20 typical geothermal-electric projects in 2005 US$. Do Not Cite or Quote 29 of 47 Chapter 4 SRREN_Draft1_Ch04_Version03 22-Dec-09PDF Image | Chapter 4 Geothermal Energy
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