PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 032
First Order Draft Contribution to Special Report Renewable Energy Sources (SRREN) 1 investment (LCCI) corresponds to the cost of the initial capital investment (i.e. site exploration and 2 development & power plant construction) and its related financial costs, divided by the total output 3 of the facility throughout the entire payback period (typically 20-30 years). Operating and 4 maintenance (O&M) costs consist of fixed and variable costs directly related to the electricity 5 production phase. Operation and Maintenance costs include field operation (labour), well work- 6 over, equipment, well operation, and facility maintenance, etc., and are currently ranged between 7 170 and 210 US$/kWh per year 8 9. 10 For geothermal plants, an additional factor must be added to these O&M costs, which is the cost of 11 reposition or make-up wells, i.e. new wells to replace some of the older whose lifetime is over. 12 Companies usually consider make-up drilling as a capital expense, but must be regarded as O&M 13 costs since the purpose of make-up drilling is to maintain the full production capacity of the power 14 plants (Hance, 2005). Costs of these wells are typically lower than those for the original wells, and 15 their success rate is typically higher. 16 In most cases, the LCCI represents a major part (about 65%) of the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) 17 of geothermal projects. 18 Current LCOE (i.e., including LCCI and O&M costs) in 2005 US$/kWh for some of the typical 19 geothermal-electric plants described in Table 4.7 were calculated according to the methodology 20 described in Chapter 1, using the version 6 of the calculator developed by Verbruggen and Nyboer 21 (2009), and are presented in Figure 4.9. In all cases the project lifetime was calculated to be 30 22 years and the capacity factor (plant performance) was 77%. For greenfield projects it was estimated 23 that the plant starts to operate between the beginning of the fourth and the sixth year since 24 exploration starts, and for expansion projects the plant is commissioned by the third year. 25 There are important variations depending on the discount rate used, yet in general terms the LCOE 26 for conventional plants in high temperature fields is lower than for binary cycle plants in low to 27 intermediate temperature fields. LCOE for expansion projects is also lower than for new projects 28 and the larger the project (in MWe) the lower LCOE, as clearly indicated by case 3, which is an 29 actual project currently operating in Mexico. The LCOE for case 5, calculated with data from a low- 30 temperature European project presented by GEOFAR (2009), is the highest and may be an 31 appropriate estimate for the theoretical LCOE for EGS projects. (equivalent to 152 and 187 US$/kWh per year at 2005 US dollar, respectively, according to the Current Consumer Price Index released by the US Bureau Labour Statistics) [TSU: consistent use of tools provided on TSU website to adjust for inflation/deflation?] Do Not Cite or Quote 31 of 47 Chapter 4 SRREN_Draft1_Ch04_Version03 22-Dec-09PDF Image | Chapter 4 Geothermal Energy
PDF Search Title:
Chapter 4 Geothermal EnergyOriginal File Name Searched:
SRREN_FOD_Ch04.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)