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Biomass Energy BIOMASS Biomass consists of organic matter such as trees, grasses, agricultural crops or other biological material. As a renewable energy it’s used in the form of a solid fuel or could be converted into liquid or gaseous states. Biomass can be used in the production of electrical power, heat, chemicals, or fuels (NREL, 2009). Biomass fuels have low energy densities compared to fossil fuels, which means more mass is required to produce the same amount of energy (AES, 2009). On average, converting biomass to electricity is about 20% efficient, compared to fossil fuels, which is around 30% efficient (NREL, 2009). The efficiency can increase greatly to over 70% when used in a Combined Heat Production Facility (CHP) where waste heat is captured and used for space heating (Boyle, 2004). Biomass Systems Biomass has been a proven source as an electrical generation in the United States. Biomass systems encompass the entire cycle ‐‐ growing and harvesting the resource, converting and delivering electricity, and recycling carbon dioxide during growth of additional biomass. Currently there is 12.3 GW of generating capacity in the U.S., which is second only to hydropower (EIA, 2009). This capacity is distributed between 70% forest product industry and agricultural residues, 25% municipal solid waste, and 5% land fill gas extraction (NREL, 2009). http://bioenergy.ornl.gov/papers/misc/bioenergy_cycle.html Southeast Alaska has many challenging economics for logging and timber harvesting for many areas of the Tongass National Forest (NGS, 2009). The price of biomass can be volatile and it is necessary to secure long‐term fuel supplies. Most feedstocks are not solely designated for biomass supply, but come as a secondary use from a primary source such as logging or mill operations. Thermal biomass facilities/ systems are used primarily as a boiler system to provide space heating. This heat is either distributed as steam or hot water. Most systems connect to existing boiler systems or can be integrated into an air duct system (EERE, 1997). The primary biomass systems include: Direct‐Fire Boiler Systems: These systems burn the woody biomass or other fuels to run a boiler system that either produces steam or boiling water for a turbine system or heat distribution system for space heating. Combined Heat and Production (CHP)/ Cogeneration Facilities: CHP uses waste heat from electrical generation to heat buildings or facilities. These CHP facilities increase the efficiency of the facility by capturing the potential lost energy and using it as a heating source. This increases the potential efficiency of the biomass facility in upwards of 70% (Boyle, 2004).PDF Image | COMPREHENSIVE RENEWABLE ENERGY FEASIBILITY STUDY Sitka
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