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Geothermal Energy GEOTHERMAL This heat can be drawn from several sources: hot water or steam reservoirs deep in the earth that are accessed by drilling; geothermal reservoirs located near the earth's surface, mostly located in western states, Alaska, and Hawaii. This variety of geothermal resources allows them to be used on both large and small scales. A utility can use the hot water and steam from reservoirs to drive generators and produce electricity for its customers. Other applications apply the heat produced from geothermal directly to various uses in buildings, roads, agriculture, and industrial plants. (NREL, 2010) Geothermal Systems Uses a well to extract high temperature geothermal energy from the ground and uses the steam to run a turbine to generate energy. The excess water which is at a cooler state is then pumped back into the ground as a recharge to the system. (EIA, 2009) There are two main types of geothermal systems using geothermal energy, which include direct‐use systems and geothermal power plants. (Your Own Power, 2009) The three main types of geothermal power plants are flash, binary, dry steam, and flash/binary combined cycle along with new technological advances such as enhanced geothermal systems. (NGC, 2003) Flash Steam: Pockets of hot pressurized water usually at a temperature around 350 degree. The steam is used to drive the turbines and then the excess water is injected back into the ground through a direct use system. It is the most common geothermal energy source. Dry Steam: Extremely rare and only five dry steam fields have been discovered throughout the world and are usually associated with geysers. The steam drives the turbine which produces the energy. Binary: Unlike flash and dry steam systems, this process uses a heat transfer system to extract the heat from the geothermal sources usually at much lower temperatures. This heat is transferred to another fluid that has a lower boiling temperature and the new fluids vapors are used to run the turbines to produce energy. Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS): Geothermal technologies usually use the wet or dry steam available from the subsurface of the earth which is extracted to drive a turbine to power a generating to produce electricity. In sites where natural steam extraction is not available, there is a possibility that an EGS might be feasible. An EGS uses the same processes and technology of the standard geothermal energy systems, except water must be pumped through subsurface heated rocks to create steam that can be extracted. This technology allows for the accessibility of more sites for potential geothermal energy systems. (NREL, 2008) Direct‐Use: In direct-use systems, a well is drilled into a geothermal reservoir to provide a steady stream of hot water. The water is brought up through the well, and a mechanical system—piping, a heat exchanger, and controls—delivers the heat directly for its intended use. A disposal system then either injects the cooled water underground or disposes of it on the surface. Spring fed bath house on the boardwalk in Baranof Warm SpringsPDF Image | COMPREHENSIVE RENEWABLE ENERGY FEASIBILITY STUDY Sitka
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