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Geothermal hot water can be used for many applications that require heat. Its current uses include heating buildings, raising plants in greenhouses, drying crops, heating water at fish farms, and several industrial processes, such as pasteurizing milk. With some applications, researchers are exploring ways to effectively use the geothermal fluid for generating electricity as well. (NREL, 2009) Geothermal Fuel Source There are visible signs of geothermal activity throughout Sitka and the Island of Baranof. The most noted areas include Baranof Warm Springs, Goddard Hot Springs and Mt Edgecumbe, a dormant Volcano. Alaska has more geothermal resources than any other state in the country, and yet until recently none of these resources had been developed for power generation. Externalities: Geo Hazards There are potential hazards associated with the use of geothermal resources surrounding the city of Sitka and the island of Baranov. This includes landslides, subsidence, increased seismicity, thermal and chemical water pollution, air pollution, noise and disturbance to fish and wildlife. (ADNR DOG, 2008) Volcanic Activity: Mt Edgecombe, located on Kruzof Island is a long‐dormant volcano with the last eruption occurring around 200 B.C. (Wikipedia, 2009) Landslides: Geothermal resources can exist on steep hillsides which leave the possibility for landslides. The location and engineering of the geothermal plant is critical in mitigating this hazard. Subsidence: This occurs when the withdrawal of fluids is not replenished within the reservoir. This results in the drop of pressure in the reservoir and changes in pore space within the rock. If subsistence occurs there will need to be an adjustment to production or injections rates, in serious cases the suspension of operations may need to occur. Induced Seismicity: There is potential of small seismic activity when extracting and injecting fluids into the Earth’s rock subsurface. There have been documented reports of small shallow earthquakes (< 2.5 on the Richter scale) that have occurred during mining, well drilling, and other activities that manipulate the earth subsurface temperature, composition, pressure, and chemistry. (Fisher and Horalek, 2008) Externalities: Environmental Hazards Water Quality: The Clean Water Act controls regulate the discharge and disposal of offending substances. Geothermal water can contain chemicals, usually found as a dissolved effluent, such as arsenic, mercury, radon, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and silica which could have significant environmental impacts. Another concern is thermal pollution, which is the heat from the water extracted. It’s necessary to obtain a geothermal spill contingency plan with the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC). The contingency plan must include clean‐up detains how the lessees will prevent, control, and clean‐up accidental releases of geothermal fluids. In addition a risk assessment of a geothermal spill impact to the localized should also be included. Air Quality: Although geothermal produces minimal emissions, but the exploration and facility and road construction can produce significant amounts of exhaust and dust during this period. This will not have a significant cumulative affect over a long period.PDF Image | COMPREHENSIVE RENEWABLE ENERGY FEASIBILITY STUDY Sitka
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