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Tidal Energy TIDAL All coastal areas consistently experience two high and two low tides over a period of slightly greater than 24 hours. But for those tidal differences to be harnessed into electricity, the difference between high and low tides must be at least five meters, or more than 16 feet. There are only about 40 sites on the planet with tidal ranges of this magnitude. Tidal Systems Where tidal power generation is possible, the most prevalent technology is one similar to that used in traditional hydroelectric plants. The first requirement is a dam, or barrage, across a bay or estuary. Gates and turbines are installed along the dam. Since building dams is an expensive proposition, the best tidal sites are those where a bay has a narrow opening. When the tides produce an adequate difference in the level of the water on opposite sides of the dam, the gates are opened, water flows through the turbines, and the turbines turn an electric generator to produce electricity. (Fact Sheet, 2009) Tidal Dam Where tidal power generation is possible, the most prevalent technology is one similar to that used in traditional hydroelectric plants. The first requirement is a dam, or barrage, across a bay or estuary. Gates and turbines are installed along the dam. Since building dams is an expensive proposition, the best tidal sites are those where a bay has a narrow opening. When the tides produce an adequate difference in the level of the water on opposite sides of the dam, the gates are opened, water flows through the turbines, and the turbines turn an electric generator to produce electricity. (Fact Sheet, 2009) Tidal Fence Another technology to harness tidal energy is the tidal fence. Tidal fences look like giant turnstiles. They can reach across channels between small islands or across straits between the mainland and an island. The turnstiles spin via tidal currents typical of coastal waters. Some of these currents run at 5 to 8 knots (5.6 to 9 miles per hour) and generate as much energy as winds of much higher velocity. Because seawater has a much higher density than air, ocean currents carry significantly more energy than air currents (wind). (Fact Sheet, 2009) There are no large‐scale commercial tidal fences currently in operation anywhere in the world. However, there are plans to construct a fence across the Dalupiri Passage between the islands of Dalpiri and Samar in the near future Tidal Turbine A third technology is the tidal turbine. Tidal turbines look like wind turbines. They are arrayed underwater in rows, as in some wind farms. The turbines function best where coastal currents run at between 3.6 and 4.9 knots (4 and 5.5 mph). In currents of that speed, a 15‐meter (49.2‐feet) diameter tidal turbine can generate as much energy as a 60‐meter (197‐feet) diameter wind turbine. Ideal locations for tidal turbine farms are close to shore in water depths of 20 to 30 meters (65.5 to 98.5 feet). Currently, there are no operational tidal turbine farms. But European Union officials had identified 106 sites in Europe as suitable locations for such farms. The Philippines, Indonesia, China, and Japan also have underwater turbine farm sites that could be developed in the future. (Fact Sheet, 2009) Tidal flats located near Totem Park in Sitka. (Picture by Travis Clemens)PDF Image | COMPREHENSIVE RENEWABLE ENERGY FEASIBILITY STUDY Sitka
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