Concentrating Solar Power

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Concentrating Solar Power ( concentrating-solar-power )

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building through optical fibers. The primary attribute of HSL systems is the light quality of sunlight compared to artificial light; but another benefit is reducing waste heat compared to other lighting systems. Fossil energy is also conserved by using solar energy for lighting applications. At this point, HSL systems have been engineered through two technology generations, many components and subsystems have been refined or reengineered, and the technology has been proven technically feasible. To proceed in developing the HSL technology, it will be critically important to determine the size of the lighting market that cares enough about light quality and/or avoidance of excess heat gain to actually buy an HSL system. Also important is to identify other lighting technologies, already commercially available or being developed, that offer the same light quality or absence of heat gain as does HSL. HSL systems provide full-spectrum lighting or parts of the spectrum for a particular application. However, certain light bulbs and other lighting systems can provide nearly full-spectrum lighting and do not require hardware mounted on the roof, unlike HSL systems. The overall intent of this task is to assess and quantify the potential U.S. market for the HSL technology, considering the various alternatives available to lighting designers and customers. Another objective is to quantify the reductions in waste-heat generation from HSL systems compared to incandescent and other lighting systems. 3.3.8 SHL Technical Tasks Solar Water Heating As in Sec. 3.3.6, the SWH tasks below will be discussed under the three headings of warm-climate SWH, cold-climate SWH, and combined heating and cooling. Warm-Climate SWH Tasks. As indicated in Sec. 3.3.6, the warm-climate SWH activity is planned to conclude before the 2007–2012 period addressed by this Multi-Year Program Plan. However, the planned 2006 tasks for this activity are presented here to reflect the current status of the SHL Subprogram and to emphasize the R&D foundation that the cold-climate SWH and CHC system activities (described in this plan) will be built on. In addition to research on cost reduction, key objectives in the warm-climate SWH activity have been to establish long- term durability of the materials used in polymer SWH systems, certify the systems, and assist in implementing novel manufacturing processes. These activities are heavily cost-shared. • Reliability/Durability. For polymer ICS systems, a dual-level approach using both materials testing and system testing is optimal for building confidence at the lowest cost. – Materials testing. Accelerated materials testing is the most efficient way to project material lifetimes. Polycarbonate glazings are subject primarily to UV degradation (i.e., yellowing, cracking, and eventually mechanical failure). UV degradation testing using three complementary approaches (i.e., outdoors, chamber, and UV-concentrator) has been ongoing and will continue beyond the 20-year equivalent point for the industry samples. Previous work has identified a promising UV-protection coating product, Korad©. Polycarbonates with mechanically adhered Korad© have not shown any optical degradation at the 15-year-equivalent dose point, reached in FY 2004. Absorbers are being tested for creep and temperature- induced degradation. Prototype polymer heat-exchanger tubing is being tested for resistance to damage from high chlorine concentrations and for resistance to buildup of scale. – System testing. There are two types of system tests: torture tests, which focus on high-stress situations such as hail impact, high winds, high/low temperature performance, and mechanical abuse; and field tests, which verify performance and durability under normal conditions. • Building codes. One polymer ICS (PICS) system has been submitted to SRCC and the International Code Council Evaluation Service (ICC-ES) on an informal basis to get feedback on any issues. SRCC needs 92

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