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Balance-of-System Tier-1 TIO • Heat exchangers. Solar-side heat exchangers (used with pressurized storage) are smaller than load-side heat exchangers (used with unpressurized storage). Depending on the approach, solar-side heat exchangers are made from copper, with designs including immersed coil, bayonet, or external wrap-around. Copper tubing for a load-side heat-exchanger immersed coil costs ~$150, or ~$2/gallon. If the polymer heat exchangers currently being developed prove successful, a load-side heat exchanger could be priced at ~$50, or ~$0.60/gallon. Nylon and polybutylene heat-exchanger development is under way for polymer ICS systems, and these designs can function here with geometric adjustments. • Pump/controls. A PV-DC pump combination is likely to emerge as a good choice when installation and O&M are considered. For a glycol system, this approach works very well. For a drainback system, a low-wattage PV- pump combination providing high head on startup and reasonable flow during operation is not currently available. It will be a key item to develop if drainback with unpressurized storage remains a targeted system type. • Piping/valving. Collector supply-return piping has traditionally been soldered copper piping, insulated after installation. Recent research in Europe and Canada has produced prototype “life-line” piping, where the supply-return pipes and insulation are integrated in one package that can be “snaked” between collector and storage. Such piping has significant potential to reduce piping installation costs by more than 50%. System Integration Tier-1 TIO • Thermal performance modeling with polymer materials is no more difficult than with traditional materials, although testing is generally needed to determine properties (e.g., glazing optical and long-wave infrared transmission). Table 3.3.8-1 Technology R&D Tasks—Cold-Climate SWH Note: “Evaluate/Develop” tasks in this table typically involve iterative stages of designing, modeling, small-scale prototyping, laboratory- testing, redesigning, large-scale prototyping, outdoor testing, and field monitoring. In the Stage Gate process, competing concepts will be evaluated, compared to the strategic goals and performance targets, and down-selected, as appropriate. 94PDF Image | Concentrating Solar Power
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