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to manage risk, and more sophisticated risk analysis will likely be incorporated into the Solar Program during the time covered by this multi-year plan. 4.2.2 Program Coordination Most of the Solar Program’s activities are done using the exceptional and unique capabilities of DOE’s multi-purpose national laboratories. The Solar Program has established two primary research centers: the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and Sandia National Laboratories. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) also contribute their expertise to solar projects. The DOE Golden Field Office and the National Energy Technology Laboratory help DOE headquarters administer and manage projects not assigned to the laboratories. 4.2.3 Facilities and Capital Equipment The DOE national laboratories are government-owned, contractor-operated facilities that rely on government funding for buildings and equipment. The Solar Program uses two existing research facilities at NREL to conduct world- class solar R&D: the Solar Energy Research Facility and the Outdoor Test Facility. A third facility, the Science and Technology Facility, is currently under construction and is expected to open in the summer of 2006. In addition, the National Solar Thermal Test Facility for testing CSP technologies is located at Sandia. These facilities are continually outfitted with the most advanced equipment to conduct research in materials science, electrochemistry, thermal science, and other disciplines. 4.3 Funding Mechanisms Each year, the Solar Program develops an annual operating plan (AOP). The AOP is the agreement between the Solar Program, Golden Field Office, National Energy Technology Laboratory, and the national laboratories on how the money will be spent and what will be accomplished with it. The AOP is developed during the summer and finalized shortly after Congress appropriates a budget for the Solar Program. Projects and their supporting agreements and contracts are established in adherence to the Solar Program’s strategy for maintaining a balanced portfolio among industry, universities, and the laboratories. The objective is to combine the best researchers in the country with industrial partners that have the capability of commercializing the technology. The Solar Program has a guideline that at least 50% of its funds should go to industry and universities. The remainder goes to the national laboratories, principally NREL and Sandia, which, over the years, have established staffs that are recognized as world leaders in solar R&D. The two laboratories have also developed unique solar testing facilities. The 50/50 balance enables scientific breakthroughs and improvements to be transferred quickly from the laboratory to the manufacturing plant. Establishing partnerships with industry is important in several ways: it provides a partner who can make and sell the solar product, it creates a partner who can share in the cost of the task, and it often enables the task to be completed sooner than otherwise possible. Industry thus provides the final link in the R&D process and enables the Solar Program to leverage its resources through cost sharing. The Solar Program follows DOE guidelines on cost sharing. If the project assists industry in the engineering development of a product, then 50% or greater cost sharing by industry is required. But if the project is research oriented, then cost sharing may be as little as 10%. The laboratory or Field Office has the responsibility of ensuring that the contract provides cost sharing. R&D projects are funded through the national laboratories. As mentioned previously, about half of the R&D money sent to the laboratories is subsequently provided to industry or universities through subcontracts. Programmatic activities such as outreach, communications, and conferences are funded, in part, by the Golden Field Office or the National Energy Technology Laboratory through cooperative grants or contracts. The Solar Program also provides funding to programs established by DOE that sometimes support projects other than solar energy. These programs 102PDF Image | Concentrating Solar Power
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