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Cost-Effectiveness of Distributed Generation Technologies lead to an 80% demand savings factor consistent with their 8,760 hourly load reduction for all technologies other than wind and storage. The utility rates were developed from actual 2010 utility rates. The forecast of rates incorporates a 2% inflation rate and the real growth in prices from the CEC California Energy Demand (CED) forecast. Table 3-4 lists example yearly utility rate weighted averages for the three electrical utilities. The actual yearly average rate used in the SGIPce model depends on the DG technology production curves and the utility. The rates presented in Table 3-4 indicate that SDG&E has lower average rates within the model than PG&E and SCE. Reliability Benefits DG systems may improve electrical system reliability under certain circumstances; for example, by providing a dispersed and versatile source of power supply. For this benefit we used the E3 electrical avoided cost model which assumes reductions in demand caused by DG have at least roughly the same reliability impacts as changes in demand caused by energy efficiency. This benefit was applicable in the PA, TRC, and STRC benefit cost models in the SGIPce. Standby Charge Exemption Some DG equipment (wind, solar and biogas supplied fuel cells) are exempt from standby charges up to a particular size. Standby is a charge for the potential use of a utility service including system backup support as well as other running and quick-start capabilities. This benefit is part of the participant test and it is represented in the tariff of additional savings the SGIP participants receives, if applicable for that particular technology. For the SGIPce model, we did not include standby charges for any technology because we did not have access to demand data. Tax Credits/Depreciation As part of the installation of a DG system, the participant and society benefits include the federal investment tax credit (ITC) and the acceleration of the depreciation expenses. Both of these tax subsidies are provided in Table 3-9 along with other technology attributes. The TRC and STRC also incorporate the federal income tax implications associated with DG technology operating costs. Specifically, the federal income tax code allows host sites to reduce their taxable income by their business operating costs, including the operating and maintenance costs of DG technology. For DG technologies fueled by natural gas, directed biogas, and on-site biogas, the operating cost and the resulting reduction in tax liabilities or increase in tax refund may be substantial. The PCT incorporates both the state and the federal income tax implications associated with DG technology operating costs. Itron, Inc. 3-14 Critical Inputs and AssumptionsPDF Image | Cost-Effectiveness of Distributed Generation Technologies
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