PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 048
Cost-Effectiveness of Distributed Generation Technologies Operations, Maintenance, Fuel, and Emission Offset Purchases Related to the cost of the system are the ongoing or variable costs of the DG equipment. These costs are included in the PCT, the TRC, and STRC. For the PCT, TRC, and STRC the O&M costs include insurance and yearly maintenance that was derived for all the technologies on a $/kWh basis. The maintenance costs included those costs required to maintain the system including periodic overhauls or replacement of system components (e.g., the stack in the case of fuel cells). The non-fuel related O&M costs are available in Table 3-2. Fuel expenses for natural gas and directed biogas-fueled technologies are also included in the costs for the PCT, TRC, and STRC. For the PCT, values of the natural gas are based on the non- core gas rates for commercial and government/nonprofit participants and based on core rates for residential customers. For commercial and government/nonprofit customers, the utility-specific DG T&D charges were added to the wholesale gas rates when calculating the gas fuel costs within the PCT. For the commercial and government/nonprofit analysis, the model employed wholesale gas rates and the rate forecast underlying the E3 avoided cost forecast. The TRC and STRC also include a fuel cost. This fuel cost is valued using the avoided cost gas commodity rates in the E3 avoided cost model for commercial and government/nonprofit participants and the avoided cost gas commodity and T&D rates from the E3 avoided cost model for residential participants.15 Directed biogas is biogas that has been procured off-site and is then injected into the natural gas pipeline.16 The cost increase for the use of directed biogas as a fuel source was based on data received from the CPUC and from discussions with technology providers who were exploring the use of directed biogas in their projects. The directed biogas adder used by the evaluation team for the base year of 2009 is $0.412 per therm. This value is added to the natural gas rate used for the PCT. The growth rate of the direct biogas adder is 2.97% per year. This cost increase was applied only to the adder. Different cost increases were applied to the natural gas rates. The STRC and the TRC use the same avoided cost values for both natural gas and directed biogas. The model also accounts for any increased GHG emissions resulting from using DG technologies to produce electricity instead of procuring this electricity from the grid.17 The 15 The transportation and distribution charges were not included in the government and commercial customers because these customers were modeled as non-core gas customers for whom the utilities do not have to plan in the T&D planning. 16 For more information on directed biogas, please see D.09-09-048. http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/word_pdf/FINAL_DECISION/107574.pdf 17 The avoided cost benefits associated with the reduction in utility-provided electricity included the value of reduced GHG emissions from central station power stations. The TRC and the STRC must, therefore, include costs associated with the GHG emissions produced by DG technologies. Itron, Inc. 3-19 Critical Inputs and AssumptionsPDF Image | Cost-Effectiveness of Distributed Generation Technologies
PDF Search Title:
Cost-Effectiveness of Distributed Generation TechnologiesOriginal File Name Searched:
SGIP_CE_Report_Final.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |