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Cost-Effectiveness of Distributed Generation Technologies The societal benefits associated with individual technologies (SocietalBenefitsi) are estimated by: SocietalBenefitsi = AvoidedElectricCostsi + Tax Benefitsi + WasteHeatBenefitsi where AvoidedElectricCostsi represents the avoided electric costs associated with technology i, TaxBenefitsi are the tax benefits for technology i, and WasteHeatBenefitsi reflects total waste heat benefits associated with technology i. Avoided electric costs for each technology were developed on an annual basis for the assumed lifetime of the technology, then discounted back to present value. That is: AvoidedElectricCosts = T AvoidedElectricCostsit i t∑=0 (1+d)t where t denotes the year in question, T is the lifetime of the technology, and d is a societal discount rate for the STRC test and a private discount rate for the TRC test.19 For each technology, annual avoided electric costs were developed at the hourly and regional level,20 then summed over regions and hours to create annual values for the technology in question: R 8760 AvoidedElectricCostsit =r∑=1h∑=1∆kWhirhAvCostirht where ∆kWhirh is the hourly electricity output of technology i in region r, and AvCostirht is the avoided electric cost per kWh in hour h in year t in region r for technology i. The regions used in the evaluation incorporated a coastal and inland region for each utility. This specification required hourly energy impacts by technology and region to be applied to the relevant hourly profile of avoided generation costs. The hourly impacts were derived from metered hourly generation load profiles developed by Itron using existing SGIP sites. The hourly avoided cost rates include avoided costs of generation (AvGCosthrt), avoided cost of transmission and distribution (AvTDCosthrt), an environmental adder that varies across technology (EnvAddihrt), and a reliability adder (ReAddhrt). Avoided generation costs take into account line losses on displaced purchases. 19 The Total Resource Cost Test differs from the Societal Total Resources Cost Test in the use of a private discount rate instead of the societal discount rate. 20 The regional level was defined as coastal and inland for each utility. The E3 avoided costs were aggregated into inland and coastal values using the past SGIP installed generation as weights. Itron, Inc. 3-22 Critical Inputs and AssumptionsPDF Image | Cost-Effectiveness of Distributed Generation Technologies
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