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Cost-Effectiveness of Distributed Generation Technologies A.4 IC Engines A.4.1 Technology Summary There are two main engine designs used in power generation: the Otto Cycle (spark ignition) and the Diesel Cycle (compression ignition). The main difference between the two designs is in the fuels used and the operating pressures. Spark ignition engines can use natural gas, biogas, landfill gas, and propane for fuel. Spark ignition engines using natural gas have been commonly applied in California. The reciprocating internal combustion engine (IC engine) produces power through the ignition of a controlled air/fuel gaseous mixture. The air/fuel mixture is contained in a piston/cylinder chamber. Both engine designs use a four stroke cycle to convert the fuel into mechanical energy. This four stoke cycle consists of an intake stroke, compression stroke, combustion stroke, and an exhaust stroke. During the combustion stroke, the expanding combustion gases push a piston which turns an attached crankshaft. The crankshaft transmits torque and shaft power that turns a generator to produce electricity. IC engines range in capacity from 10 kilowatts (kW) to 5 megawatts (MW). Figure A-23 illustrates the components of an IC engine combined heat and power application. Major manufacturers include Caterpillar, Wartsila, GE Jenbacher, Deutz, and Waukesha. Natural gas is the most common fuel used in spark ignition engines for electric power generation and combined power and heat (CHP) applications. Figure A-23: Combined Heat and Power System Source: http://www.energysolutionscenter.org/distgen/AppGuide/Chapters/Chap4/4-1_Recip_Engines.htm. Itron, Inc. Appendix A-40 DG TechnologiesPDF Image | Cost-Effectiveness of Distributed Generation Technologies
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