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Cost-Effectiveness of Distributed Generation Technologies A.6 Organic Rankine Cycle A.6.1 Technology Summary Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) refers to a waste heat recovery system which uses an organic, low boiling point working fluid to generate electricity through a Rankine cycle. The most common Rankine Cycle engine uses steam. A Rankine cycle typically consists of four parts: a pump, an evaporator, an expander and a condenser. Figure A-33 illustrates a simple Rankine cycle system. Figure A-33: Simplified Rankine Cycle Source: http://www.stowa-lectedtechnologies.nl/Sheets/Sheets/ORC%200706_files/image002.jpg In an ORC system, the working fluid is boiled in the evaporator into a vapor phase. The vapor expands, rotating a turbine that is then used to drive a generator. The exhaust vapors from the turbine are cooled into a liquid in the condenser. A pump is used to recirculate the working fluid from the condenser to the evaporator for the process to start again. Heat is absorbed in the system at the evaporator and removed from the system at the condenser. ORC system working fluid characteristics are determined by the heat source temperatures. ORC systems typically use organic materials such as silicone oil and pentane as the working fluid. These compounds have low boiling points that can match the available heat. Waste heat suitable for ORC power plants can come from gas turbines and reciprocating engines. Temperatures of waste heat available ranges from 370-540 oC and 230-600 oC for gas turbines and reciprocating engines, respectively ORC requires little maintenance and its operations can be automated. It has good part load performance. The efficiency of ORC is estimated at 10-20% and is dependent on the temperature difference between the evaporator and condenser. A greater temperature difference results in a higher efficiency. Itron, Inc. Appendix A-64 DG TechnologiesPDF Image | Cost-Effectiveness of Distributed Generation Technologies
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