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Cost-Effectiveness of Distributed Generation Technologies used to turn the turbine away from the wind when less energy is wanted, for example during very high winds. Below 50 kW, wind turbines more commonly have yaw control by way of a ―tail‖ that causes the rotor to be turned to face the wind directly. This tail may be automatically or manually controlled to adjust the yaw. This provides speed control of the rotor during very high winds or scheduled maintenance. Gearboxes are substantial components of most wind turbines both in terms of weight and cost. Being in the nacelle atop the tower, their weight also influences tower design and cost. The gearbox, tower, and blades each represent about 10% of the total cost of an installed turbine. Direct-drive turbines without a gearbox are increasingly available, but in 2008 composed only 15% of the world market42 and are uncommon in North America. Constant and variable-speed rotors also exist but constant speed is more prevalent. In addition to motorized yaw control, larger wind turbines generally have more advanced controls and features than smaller turbines. These include blade pitch control that allows the blades themselves to be twisted. Pitch control can increase electrical output during low wind speeds by effectively changing the aerodynamics of the blade. Larger turbines also have taller towers so the blades can always be in faster moving winds. 42 R. Poore and C. Walford, Development of an Operations and Maintenance Cost Model to Identify Cost of Energy Savings for Low Wind Speed Turbines, Global Energy Concepts, LLC Seattle, Washington, Subcontract Report, NREL/SR-500-40581, January 2008. Itron, Inc. Appendix A-72 DG TechnologiesPDF Image | Cost-Effectiveness of Distributed Generation Technologies
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