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Cost-Effectiveness of Distributed Generation Technologies 2010. The Li-ion large system is assumed to have a cost of $800 per installed kWh. Accounting for the 20% minimum state of charge, the cost increased to $1,000 per effective kWh. The costs for the Li-ion small system are assumed to be higher at $1,290 and $1,613 per installed and effective kWh respectively. Table A-45: Li-ion Capital Costs Li-ion - Large 4,000 1,000 4 80% 5,000 20% Li-ion - Small 100 25 4 80% 5,000 20% * Costs expressed in $ per effective kWh, accounting for 20% minimum state of charge. A.8.3 Technology Operating and Maintenance (O&M) Costs $4,000 $1,000 $6,450 $1,613 Technology Option Capacity (kWh) Power (kW) Duration (hrs) % Efficiency (total cycles) Cycle Life Minimum State of Charge Cost ($/kW) Cost* ($/kW-h) Anticipated O&M costs for energy storage technologies are even more speculative than the capital costs, given limited operational experience to date for most technologies. For Li-ion it was assumed that the storage capacity declined by 20% over the life of the battery. To maintain a consistent level of output, approximately 8% of the battery cells are modeled as being replaced each year. This results in an annual O&M cost of $64 and $103 per kWh installed in 2009. Itron, Inc. Appendix A-89 DG TechnologiesPDF Image | Cost-Effectiveness of Distributed Generation Technologies
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