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Assessment of the Costs of Geothermal Power Generation in New Zealand environmental limitations as it is the characteristics of the whole resource that are relevant in this context, not the feasibility of development from a regulatory point of view. For several fields there has been significant exploration or development drilling since 2005, which would undoubtedly lead to revisions of these field capacity estimates, but those data are not in the public domain so have not been taken into account, except in so far as in some cases the higher end of the possible range suggested by Lawless (2005) has been used rather than the mean. Where recent published information on temperatures, well numbers and depth is available it has been included. The installed capacity is as of the end of 2008 (Harvey et al., 2010) but also includes the Nga Awa Purua plant at Rotokawa which is almost completed, but not the Contact Energy plant at Tauhara nor the consented Te Mihi expansion which has not yet been started. 4.2 Well Productivity Average well productivities for New Zealand geothermal fields range from less than 5 MW.well-1 (Wairakei, Tauhara, Ohaaki) to more than 20 MW.well-1 (Mokai, Rotokawa and more recent wells at Kawerau) and show a strongly bimodal character: Wells drilled in the central upflow areas of high temperature (>300 oC) systems often have well outputs in excess of 20 MW with flowing wellhead pressures ranging from 10 to 30 bara (i.e. Mokai, Rotokawa, Kawerau) Wells drilled in more moderate temperature systems (250 to 270 oC) have well outputs centered on lower values of around 5 MW (e.g. Wairakei, Ohaaki, Tauhara – 250 to 270 oC) and Ngawha (230 oC). On this basis, three resource options have been selected for the costings undertaken in this study, each with the following characteristics: High temperature / highly productive resources – e.g. the Mokai, Rotokawa and the Kawerau fields – resource temperatures in excess of 300 oC – wells have some excess enthalpy, which is assumed to be 10% above the enthalpy of water at 300 oC – wells have high well head delivery pressures of typically 20 bara Medium temperature / moderate productivity resources – e.g. the Wairakei, Ohaaki and Tauhara fields, and the lower temperature part of higher temperature fields. – resource temperatures average 260 oC – liquid reservoir conditions with no excess enthalpy – wells have moderate wellhead delivery pressures of about 5 bar Sinclair Knight Merz SKM Cost of Geothermal Power Report (2007 Cost Basis)R1.doc PAGE 13PDF Image | Current Costs of Geothermal Power Generation in New Zealand
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