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Assessment of the Costs of Geothermal Power Generation in New Zealand 5. Steamfield Development Assumptions and Requirements 5.1 Steamfield Development Assumptions Well and steamfield development layouts are needed to size and cost geothermal fluid collection and disposal systems. The areal size of a resource required for development is determined by field power density, and a value of 12.5 MW.km-2 has been used to determine approximate well spacings and, hence, steamfield piping layouts in this study. It does not have any other effect on costs. Where resource characteristics are very favourable it would be possible to adopt a higher density, however, for the present study 12.5 MW.km-2 is taken as a good working average value for the New Zealand geothermal environment as a reasonable balance between minimising cost and avoiding possible problems with excessive local adverse reservoir and environmental effects. Well spacing refers to the separation at the feed points of wells. Production and reinjection wells should be separated by at least 500 m and preferably over 1,000 m. In practice multiple directional wells may be drilled from multi well cellars located on a single well pad, thus wellheads may be located much closer together than indicated by well feed zone spacing distance. A conceptual steamfield development layout as shown in Figure 5-1 has been assumed in this study. This shows, for a 50 MW development, two multi well pads located in the central resource area of a geothermal field. A resource area of at least 2 km2 can be accessed from each multi well pad with deviated wells of 800 m or more throw. Two-phase geothermal fluids are piped via two- phase cross country pipe lines from the well pads to a single-vessel 50 MW separator station and power plant located towards the edge of the field. Separated steam is piped from the separator to the power plant and separated waste brine is piped to two separate reinjection pads located further off the field, one of which would include condensate reinjection. For the purpose of pipeline costing the following nominal pipe line lengths have been assumed: Cross country piping to junction Junction to steam/brine separator Separator to power plant Separator to each brine injection pad = 1,200 m = 50 m = 100 m = 1,500 m In addition to the piping and well requirements, civil engineering costs for well pad and cellars preparation, and roading to each of the production and injection well pads are also included in the steamfield costing. Sinclair Knight Merz SKM Cost of Geothermal Power Report (2007 Cost Basis)R1.doc PAGE 18PDF Image | Current Costs of Geothermal Power Generation in New Zealand
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