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Assessment of the Costs of Geothermal Power Generation in New Zealand Well enthalpies are assumed to be that for liquid at reservoir temperatures, except for the high temperature / high pressure resource options (300 oC options) in which case a 10% excess enthalpy is assumed (as a result of either pressure drawdown and excess enthalpy effects or shallow addition of higher enthalpy fluids to well discharges) First Stage Separation pressures (SP1) have been set as low as possible to maximise steam flash, constrained by a lower limit where silica saturation ratio increases to approach 1.15 at which level and above silica deposition starts to become a significant problem in the reinjection system. This design approach results in: - a very high SP1 of 19 bara being required for the 300 oC resource option (due to high dissolved silica levels in the reservoir brine at these temperatures) - 5 bara for the 260 oC options - 3 bara for the 230 oC development options Second Stage Separator pressures (SP2) have also been set as low as possible to maximize the second stage flash, constrained by a lower limit where the silica saturation ratio approaches 1.30. At this level silica deposition is a real concern and the waste brine flow from the second flash separator will require some form of chemical treatment to prevent silica deposition, such as acid dosing, and With the mass flows and the steam flash now defined for each development option, together with the known specific energy consumption for each power plant option, the electrical generating capacity of the wells can be established. The number of production wells on each wellpad is then increased one by one until the production capacity of the pad just exceeds 100% of the 20 or 50 MW development requirement. This establishes the startup production well requirements for each development. Where production capacity does not exceed 100% of the startup requirement an additional well is drilled in the first year of operation. Sinclair Knight Merz SKM Cost of Geothermal Power Report (2007 Cost Basis)R1.doc PAGE 20PDF Image | Current Costs of Geothermal Power Generation in New Zealand
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