PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 054
Assessment of the Costs of Geothermal Power Generation in New Zealand It is noteworthy that the double flash plant option is comparable with the cost performance of the hybrid options at all reservoir conditions, but is always higher in cost than the single flash options. Reasons for this lesser performance against the single flash option include the following: The double flash options involve greater complexity and cost in steamfield civil works, mechanical works and instrumentation as shown in Table 6.2 and also within the power plant as evident in Table 6.4. These penalize the cost performance of this option at lower resource temperatures, both the first and second stage flash stages are less constrained by silica supersaturation issues and the geothermal water can be flashed to lower end pressures than can be achieved for fluids from higher reservoir temperatures, and in this analysis, the second stage flash pressure has been set at the limit where silica saturation in the waste brine reaches 1.30 (i.e. is 30% over saturated with dissolved silica and quite susceptible to forming scale deposits). It is recognized that a more aggressive approach could be taken to gaining additional second stage flash steam through further reduction of flash pressure, but this is at the risk of increasing potential for silica deposition and involves further cost and complexity of chemical treatment and control measures. It is also noteworthy that ORC plant options have not performed very well in this cost analysis. This is due to the relatively high specific cost of this technology (see Table 6.5). The hybrid steam + binary option reduces specific cost considerably by placing a relatively low cost non- condensing turbine, with relatively high power output, upstream of the higher cost ORC equipment and this achieves a much better specific capital cost performance. Pure ORC plant is better suited to lower resource temperatures than analysed here and it is apparent in the data above that the ORC cost performance is improving as the steam flash down to 230 oC reduces. If this analysis was carried out at lower temperatures it is expected that the ORC option would become the preferred cost option at about 200 oC and below. Adopting the use of well pumping would also change the economics. 7.2 Plant Performance The above review of plant performance is limited to cost performance – i.e. a consideration of the power than can be generated from each option compared with the cost of the equipment. It is instructive to then also consider the thermal performance of these plant options without regard to cost. This can be readily undertaken by using the data in Table 7.1 to obtain the specific heat rate for geothermal fluid that needs to be input into each development option per MW of gross electrical output achieved. A graph prepared on this basis is shown in Figure 7.3. Sinclair Knight Merz. SKM Cost of Geothermal Power Report (2007 Cost Basis)R1.doc PAGE 46PDF Image | Current Costs of Geothermal Power Generation in New Zealand
PDF Search Title:
Current Costs of Geothermal Power Generation in New ZealandOriginal File Name Searched:
SKM_Cost_of_Geothermal_Power_Report_2007_Cost_Basis_R1.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |