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Assessment of the Costs of Geothermal Power Generation in New Zealand – Year 0 required electricity tariff. . High productivity: 7.7 to 8.5 NZc.kWh-1 for single flash, double flash and hybrid, 9.9 NZc.kWh-1 for ORC. Low productivity: 10.1 to 10.5 NZc.kWh-1 for single flash, double flash and hybrid, 12.5 NZc.kWh-1 for ORC. 260 oC / 20MW plant size: – Cost of single flash < double flash = hybrid < ORC – Under these conditions the cost performance ranking is the same as the “300oC Resource / 50MW plant size”. Mean capital costs are in the range NZD 107 to 120 M corresponding with mean specific capital costs of NZD 5,350 to 6,000 per kW. Mean values for the double flash plant and hybrid options are only slightly dissimilar – Year 0 required electricity tariff. High productivity: 10.1 to 11.0 NZc.kWh-1 for single flash, double flash and hybrid, 11.7 NZc.kWh-1 for ORC. Low productivity: 12.5 to 13.4 NZc.kWh-1 for single flash, double flash and hybrid, 14.4 NZc.kWh-1 for ORC. 230 oC / 20MW plant size: – Cost of single flash < hybrid = double flash < ORC – Mean capital cost estimations (and specific capital costs) vary from NZD 112 M (5,550 per kW) for a single flash steam plant to NZD 119 M (6,000 per kW) for a hybrid plant to NZD 121 M (6,050 per kW) for a double flash plant and to NZD 131 M (6,500 per kW) for a standalone ORC plant – Year 0 required electricity tariff. High productivity: 10.5 to 11.2 NZc.kWh-1 for single flash, double flash and hybrid, 12.0 NZc.kWh-1 for ORC. Low productivity: 13.6 to 14.1 NZc.kWh-1 for single flash, double flash and hybrid, 15.1 NZc.kWh-1 for ORC. Double flash plant were found in all of the analyses to have higher specific capital costs than the single flash steam options, in spite of double flash plant having good thermal efficiency at all of the reservoir temperatures examined. This is due to the greater complexity and thus cost required within the steamfield and power plant to accommodate the second stage steam flash separators and piping / instrumentation and the additional cost for a fitting out a turbine with two steam inlets. It is these additional costs which penalize the double flash option relative to the single flash options. The analysis undertaken here for the double flash option is relatively conservative. A more aggressive approach could be taken through reducing the second stage flash pressure further to generate a greater steam flow from the second stage flash step. This would improve the cost performance of this option, however, this would be at the risk of silica super saturation in the waste brine exceeding 130% with increased potential for scale deposition even with chemical treatment. Sinclair Knight Merz SKM Cost of Geothermal Power Report (2007 Cost Basis)R1.doc PAGE 63PDF Image | Current Costs of Geothermal Power Generation in New Zealand
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