Current Costs of Geothermal Power Generation in New Zealand

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Current Costs of Geothermal Power Generation in New Zealand ( current-costs-geothermal-power-generation-new-zealand )

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Assessment of the Costs of Geothermal Power Generation in New Zealand condensate reinjection well as it commonly contains some contaminants which would potentially impact on the environment if it is disposed of to surface waters. In a surface condenser the steam is condensed through indirect contact with a cooling fluid. The steam condensate usually joins the circulating cooling water when evaporative cooling towers are used in order to avoid the need for make-up water to replace the evaporation loss in the cooling tower. It is also possible to keep the steam condensate separate from the cooling water, and to use an alternative heat rejection system. This could be air cooling in which case the cooling water is contained within a closed system. It could also be an evaporative cooling tower, but make-up water would then be required to replace evaporative losses as mentioned above, although the steam condensate can also provide this makeup even though it is initially kept separate from the cooling water in the surface condenser. Neither of these heat rejection options is common. A schematic diagram of a single flash steam turbine power cycle is show in Figure B-1. Key features of the design are: 1) 2) 3) Single steam admission pressure Direct contact condenser and mechanical induced draft wet cooling tower, and Hybrid non-condensable gas (NCG) removal system (first (and sometimes second) stage steam jet ejectors with last stage liquid ring vacuum pumps). Figure B-1 Single pressure (single flash), condensing steam turbine plant Sinclair Knight Merz SKM Cost of Geothermal Power Report (2007 Cost Basis)R1.doc PAGE 71

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