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Assessment of the Costs of Geothermal Power Generation in New Zealand Individual unit capacities are generally up to 10 MW (gross). This unit size has been successfully used by Ormat, and is representative of a number of purpose-engineered ORC units in service or under development (e.g. Steamboat, Nevada, USA; Berlin, El Salvador). Key points to note are: (i) Single steam admission pressure to the plant, but separate streams of steam and brine are used (when the well characteristics and the economics favour this) (ii) Use of preheaters and recuperators to maximise thermal energy recovered (iii) Use of air cooled condensers, but water cooling could also be applied; the selection of cooling method would be optimised for cost and performance, and (iv) Multiple units are used (due to maximum unit size of about 10-15 MW). B.2.2 Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) with Steam Cycle Option This power cycle was developed by Ormat and is referred to by Ormat as a geothermal combined cycle. It is a hybrid cycle that is essentially the same cycle as that depicted in Figure B-4 but with the addition of a back-pressure steam turbine to make more efficient use of higher pressure and temperature steam if this is available. The back-pressure steam turbine is complemented by ORC units fed with low pressure steam discharged from the turbine, and ORC units fed by high temperature brine. If the same working fluid is used for the low pressure steam ORC units and the brine units, the brine units will operate with higher organic-side pressures (due to higher temperature). A simplified schematic diagram of a typical hybrid cycle power plant is presented in Figure B-5. Key points to note are: (i) Single steam admission pressure to the steam turbine, with steam discharged at low pressure (and temperature) feeding steam ORC units, and high temperature brine-fed ORC units (ii) Use of preheaters and recuperators to maximise thermal energy recovered (iii) Use of air cooled condensers, but water cooling could also be applied; the selection of cooling method would be optimised for cost and performance, and (iv) Multiple ORC units are used (due to maximum unit size of about 10-15 MW). Sinclair Knight Merz SKM Cost of Geothermal Power Report (2007 Cost Basis)R1.doc PAGE 76PDF Image | Current Costs of Geothermal Power Generation in New Zealand
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