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Household Lighting (%) 2% 13% 82% Electricity Gas Lamp Kerosene Lamp Other 3% Household Cooking (%) 2% 1% 3% 16% 78% Butane (LPG) Wood Kerosene Electricity Other Figure 11 – household lighting Figure 12 –household cooking 2.3 Biomass resource base for wood fuel and derivatives According to the Belize Forest Department, 79% of Belize’s 2.3 million hectares of land is covered by natural vegetation, but only 55% can be considered substantial forest. Between 1990 and 2000, this number declined by 21%. The Belizean government took measures to combat deforestation. As a result, as of 2011, 43.6 % of Belize’s land, which is covered by substantial forest, is designated a protected area by law. According to the country report prepared as part of the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005 (FRA 2005), which is the most comprehensive assessment to date, the amount of dead wood biomass (DWB) in Belize’s forests in 2005 was approximately 18 million metric tons of oven-dry weight.7 As of 2004, 319,000 hectares of forest were available for sustainable harvesting. Assuming an annual deforestation rate of 2.3% calculated by the Forestry Department of Belize, in 2010 the remaining forest available for sustainable harvesting was estimated to cover an area of 172,266 ha. Based on this rate, it is estimated that, between 2004 and 2010, about 188,000 cubic meters of wood were harvested from sustainable forests. In other words, Belize’s potential for sustainable wood harvesting is approximately 27,000 cubic meters per year. Belize’s forest conditions are the result of both human and natural influences (e.g., hurricanes, tropical storms, forest-industry development, etc.). Recognizing the importance of the protected areas, the Ministry of Natural Resources appointed a Task Force in October 2003 to develop a policy and plan for Belize’s protected areas system. Wood fuel is derived mainly from forests and mangroves, which are extensive in Belize. There are 45 sawmills with an established annual capacity of 200,000 cubic meters. However, according to the last national 7 Dead wood biomass is defined as all non-living woody biomass not contained in the litter, which is either standing, lying on the ground, or in the soil. Dead wood includes wood lying on the surface, dead roots, and stumps larger than, or equal to, 10 centimetres in diameter or any other diameter used or specified by the country. 17PDF Image | ENERGY POLICY ASSESMENT OF THE ENERGY SECTOR IN BELIZE
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