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ground for every cubic meter extracted.8 An analysis on the availability and use of logging residues led by FAO in 2001 was able to ascertain a range of 30% to 40% in logging waste,9 indicating a recovery rate of 66% with 34% being residues consisting of stumps, branches, leaves, unusable logs, off-cuts and sawdust. This figure may be higher if unwanted species are computed as well. In order to calculate the amount of logging residues, a conservative average recovery rate of 40% has been used. However, recovery rates vary with local practices as well as species. According to FAO, about 12% of a log consists of waste in the form of bark.10 Slabs, edgings and trimmings amount to nearly 34% while sawdust constitutes another 12% of the log input. After kiln-drying the wood, further processing may take place resulting in another 8% waste of the log input in the form of sawdust and trim end (2%), and planer shavings (6%). In order to calculate the residues, a yield factor of 50% has been used in this research —38% solid wood waste and 12% sawdust. To calculate the potential amount of harvestable forestry residues in tons, the following steps were taken: Step 1: In commercial logging, it is estimated that the ‘round wood’ volume is equivalent to 60% of the total volume of a tree, and that 40% remains as residue on the ground. To estimate this total volume of residues in tons, it is necessary to determine the total amount of ‘round wood’, which is the sum of ‘fuel wood’ and ‘industrial round wood’. To do this, a balance of volume of production by species was used to calculate the total amount of logged wood11. See Error! Reference source not found. for a schematic overview of the ethodology12. Step 2: The total volume of ‘round wood’, identified for the year 200413 was equivalent to 62,000 cubic meters of industrial round wood14 and 126,000 cubic meters as fuel wood. During the milling process about 50% of the industrial round wood remained as residue. The total volume of this sawmill residue was 31,000 cubic meters. Step 3: Once the relative residues from general logging activities is determined, the relative contribution to the overall wood production is assessed. 8 Adams, M. (1995), Technical Report: Forest Products, Harvesting and Utilization Component, Paper presented to a Project Formulation Workshop on Sustainable Conservation, Management and Utilization of Tropical Rainforests in Asia, GCP/RAS/148/AUL, Bangkok, 6-8 February 1995. 9 Trash or Ttreasure? Logging and mill residues in Asia and the Pacific (2001), available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/X6966E/X6966E00.htm#TOC 10 Energy Conservation in the Mechanical Forest Industries (1990), FAO Forestry Paper 93. http://www.fao.org/docrep/T0269e/T0269e00.htm 11 Conversion factor, sources; http://www.simetric.co.uk/si_wood.htm 12 http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/j4051b/j4051b00.htm 13 This was the only available reported data. 14 Industrial round wood, as defined in FAO Forest Products Yearbook, includes all industrial wood in the rough (saw logs and veneer logs, pulpwood and other industrial round wood). Latin American Forestry Sector Outlook Study, Working Paper, National Report Belize, 2004. 19PDF Image | ENERGY POLICY ASSESMENT OF THE ENERGY SECTOR IN BELIZE
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