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Executive summary The energy industry is increasingly interested in new technologies or innovative use of existing technologies in thermal energy storage (TES) to reduce energy wastage and save on carbon emissions. This is a result of the growing concerns about environmental and economic conundrums facing industry such as: (i) the potential imminent energy shortage with the demise of fossil fuels; (ii) increasing complexity in extracting less accessible fossil fuel sites; (iii) climate change as a result of greenhouse gas emissions; and (iv) future price volatility of fuel source (especially fossil fuel). This objective of this report is to identify TES technologies and their associated variables. The thermal reservoir may be maintained at a temperature above (hotter) or below (colder) that of the ambient environment. TES benefits are: • to reduce CO2 emissions through efficient energy management by minimising energy waste; • to reduce dependency on fossil fuels; • less exposed to fuel price volatility hence provides a less risky investment option; • no hazardous by-products to the environment or people; and • making intermittent renewable sources such as solar more attractive and reliable for power generation. By identifying the available TES technologies, their possible applications and all the associated variables such as heat transfer efficiency, thermal conductivity, safety, and reliability, there will be a future report that will deal with feasibility studies through case and/or modelling studies of: • the economic costs; • mass and energy balances; and • technological maturity. In the UK there are a number of heat sources that have been identified as TES potentials which are described towards the end of this report. The TES technologies investigated here are (i) sensible heat storage, (ii) phase change materials (latent heat storage), (iii) chemical sorbent (bond storage), (iv) thermoelectric materials, and (v) magneto-caloric materials. A hybrid of TES technologies is also suggested in this report. 4PDF Image | EPSRC Thermal Management of Industrial Processes
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