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Table of contents 1. Introduction to Thermal Energy Storage ...................................................................8 2. Waste Heat Sources for TES....................................................................................10 2.1 Incineration ........................................................................................................10 2.2 Power plant ........................................................................................................11 2.3 Passivhaus..........................................................................................................11 2.4 Passive Solar Heating ........................................................................................12 2.5 Vehicle Engines .................................................................................................13 2.6 Industrial sources ...............................................................................................14 3. Important variables ..................................................................................................15 3.1 Heat pumps ........................................................................................................15 3.1.1 Mechanical heat pumps...................................................................................15 3.1.2 Adsorption heat pumps ...................................................................................15 3.1.3 Comparing heat pumps ...................................................................................16 3.2 Coefficient of Performance................................................................................17 3.2.1 Mechanical heat pumps...................................................................................17 3.2.2 Adsorbent heat pumps.....................................................................................19 4. TES Technologies....................................................................................................21 4.1 Phase change materials for latent heat storage ..................................................22 4.1.1 Description..................................................................................................22 4.1.4 Comparing PCMs........................................................................................24 4.1.5 Storage of PCMs.........................................................................................25 4.2 Sensible heat storage..........................................................................................29 4.2.1 Description..................................................................................................29 4.2.3 Liquid..............................................................................................................32 4.2.4 Solids...............................................................................................................33 4.2.7 Storage tanks...................................................................................................36 4.3 Chemical sorbent/ bond storage.........................................................................37 4.3.1 Common storage pairs ....................................................................................37 4.3.2 Metal hydride storage .....................................................................................39 4.3.3 Storage for heat upgrade.................................................................................41 4.3.4 Characteristics of adsorbent............................................................................42 4.3.4 Typical adsorbents ..........................................................................................42 4.3.5 Heat pump cycles............................................................................................44 4.3.5.1 Advanced adsorption heat pump cycles.......................................................44 4.3.5.2 Thermal wave process..................................................................................45 4.3.5.2 Binary working fluid heat pump..................................................................46 4.3.6 Enhancing heat transfer in adsorber................................................................47 4.4 Thermoelectric materials ...................................................................................49 4.5 Magneto-caloric materials .................................................................................50 5. Proposed future work on TES..................................................................................51 6. Conclusions..............................................................................................................53 References .................................................................................................................... 55 6PDF Image | EPSRC Thermal Management of Industrial Processes
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