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(Ülkü, 1986 and 1987; Meunier, 2002). Their ability for thermal energy storage is highly desirable (Demir et al, 2008). Adsorption heat pumps are typically more complicated to design because of their: • intermittent working principles; • technology for working under high vacuum; and • design of adsorbent bed that is coupled with heat and mass transfers. General areas of research for the improvement of heat pumps include (Demir et al, 2008): • advanced adsorption cycles in order to increase COP; • operate with lower temperature; • drive heat source to provide continuous cooling or heating process; • new adsorbent–adsorbate pairs or promoting the existence pairs in order to increase adsorption rate, enhance COP and decrease the temperature of driving heat source; and • design of an adsorbent bed for appropriate heat and mass transfer. Table 1: The advantages and disadvantages of adsorption heat pumps. Advantages Disadvantages • Can work with low temperature; • Do not require moving parts for circulation of heat transfer fluid; • Long life time; • Operate without noise and vibration; • Simple to operate; • Do not require frequent maintenance; • No hazardous materials; and • Can be employed as thermal energy storage device. • Low COP values; • Intermittentlyworkingprinciples; • Require high technology and special designs to maintain high vacuum; • Large volume and weight relative to traditional mechanical heat pump systems (Meunier, 2002; Ülkü and Mobedi, 1989; 3.1.3 Comparing heat pumps The major advantage of adsorption heat pumps is that they do not need maintenance for long periods since they do not contain few, if any, moving parts. The life-time of an absorption heat pump is shorter than the adsorption heat pump due to salt corrosion. The absorbent used in the absorption system should be changed every 4–5 years. In the adsorption heat pump, the system does not require changing adsorbent– adsorbate pairs for a long period of time. No corrosive chemical materials are employed in adsorption heat pump systems (Demir et al, 2008). 16PDF Image | EPSRC Thermal Management of Industrial Processes
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