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Table 2: A comparison between heat pump types. Type of heat pumps and working pairs COP Adsorption Absorption Vapour compression • Carbon - methanol • Zeolite – water • Silica gel -water • Methanol – water • 0.12 - 1.06 • 0.28 – 1.4 • 0.25 - 0.65 • 0.7 – 1.1 • 3-4 3.2 Coefficient of Performance 3.2.1 Mechanical heat pumps The COP increases as the temperature difference decreases between heat source and destination. The COP can be maximised by choosing a heating system requiring only a low final water temperature (e.g. underfloor heating) and a heat source with a high average temperature (e.g. the ground). Domestic hot water (DHW) and radiators require high water temperatures, affecting the choice of heat pump technology. The equation for COP is: COP = QH W Where, o W is the energy consumed by the heat pump o QH is the heat supplied to the hot reservoir Equation 1.1 The COP for heating and cooling are different, because the heat reservoir for each function is different, with QH = QC + W where QC is the heat supplied to the cold reservoir. • For cooling, the COP is the ratio of the heat removed from the cold reservoir to input work (air conditioners or refrigerators): COP = QC Equation 1.2 cooling W • For heating, the COP is the ratio of the heat removed from the cold reservoir plus the heat added to the hot reservoir by the input work to input work (heat pumps): COP = QC +W Equation1.3 heating According to the first law of thermodynamics, in a reversible system we can show thatQH =QC +WandW=QH −QC,whereQH istheheatgivenoffbythehotheat 17 WPDF Image | EPSRC Thermal Management of Industrial Processes
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