PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 022
• the cost of the storage unit (storage medium, the containers and insulation, and the operating cost). This section examines the types of TES technologies available and whether the applications are for high-grade or low-grade heat. TES can be in the form of stored cold as well as heat. The types of TES methods being investigated discussed in detail in this report are: a) Phase Change Material (PCM)/ latent heat storage; b) Thermoelectric materials; c) Magnetic refrigeration; d) Chemical sorbent/ bond storage; and e) Sensible heat 4.1 Phase change materials for latent heat storage 4.1.1 Description Latent heat thermal energy storage is attractive as it provides a high-energy storage density. The high-energy storage density is due to phase change either by freezing/melting or boiling/condensing, and this material is described as a phase change material (PCM). The study of PCMs was pioneered by Telkes and Raymond (1949). PCM was only extensively researched during the energy crisis of late 1970s and early 1980s for use in different applications especially for solar heating systems (Telkes, 1980; Pillai and Brinkworth, 1976; Feldman et al, 1984; Bell and Smith, 1980; Kimura and Kai, 1984; Solomon, 1979; Garg and Nasim, 1981; Knowles, 1983; Miller, 1983). The intensity of the research tailed off after the energy crisis until recently. Relative to sensible heat energy storage systems, PCM requires a smaller weight and volume of material for a given amount of energy, and has the capacity to store heat of fusion at a constant or near constant temperature. Morrison and Abdel-Khalik (1978) and Ghoneim (1989) demonstrated that to store the same amount of energy in paraffin for a given mass: • a rock (sensible heat storage material) requires more than seven times, and; • Na2SO4.10H2O requires more eight times the storage mass of paraffin. The criteria that govern the selection of PCM are (Abhat, 1983; Regin et al, 2008): • Possess a melting point in the desired operating temperature range; • Possess high latent heat of fusion per unit mass; • High specific heat to provide additional significant sensible heat storage; • High thermal conductivity, for ease of for charging and discharging; • Small volumetric changes during phase transition, hence a simple container and heat exchanger geometry can be used; • Exhibit little or no sub-cooling during freezing; 22PDF Image | EPSRC Thermal Management of Industrial Processes
PDF Search Title:
EPSRC Thermal Management of Industrial ProcessesOriginal File Name Searched:
Sheffield__EPSRC_progress_report_Thermal_storage_July2011.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)