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• Possess chemical stability; • Non-poisonous, non-flammable and non-explosive; • Abundant and cheap; • Storage unit pressure drop; and • Pumping power. The principle characteristics of PCMs are highlighted in Table 3. Table 3: Main desirable characteristics of PCMs (Regin et al, 2008). Thermal Physical Chemical Economic factors properties properties properties • Phase change temperature in suitable operating range • High latent heat per unit mass • High specific heat • High density • Low density variation during phase change • Little or no super- cooling • Chemical stability •No chemical decomposition • Compatibility with container materials • Non-poisonous, non-flammable and non- explosive • Available in large quantities • Inexpensive Investigations have been carried out into a wide range of PCMs, generally subdividing them into organic and inorganic (Sharma et al, 2009). 4.1.2 Organic PCMs Organic PCMs are typically paraffins (alkanes). Paraffins have high heat of fusion, negligible super-cooling, low vapour pressure in the melt, chemically inert and stable, self-nucleating, no phase segregation and commercial availability at reasonable cost (Pillai and Brinkworth, 1976; Lane, 1983; Abhat, 1983; Hasnain et al, 1989; Hasnain, 1990). Pure paraffin waxes are very expensive; therefore only technical grade paraffins (which are mixtures of many hydrocarbons) are used and therefore have a melting temperature range (eutectic behaviour) rather than a sharp melting point (Hasnain, 1998). Non-paraffin organics include fatty acids, esters, alcohols and glycols. Fatty acids have melting points suitable for heating applications and have heat of fusion values comparable to those of paraffins and salt hydrates (Markley, 23PDF Image | EPSRC Thermal Management of Industrial Processes
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