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Table 6: Thermo-physical properties of liquid storage media. Medium W ater Water-Ethylene Glycol 50/50 Caloria HT43 Dowtherms Therminol 55 Therminol 66 Ethylene glycol Hitec Engine oil Draw salt Lithium Sodium Ethanol Propanol Butanol Isobutanol Isopentanol Octane 4.2.4 Solids Fluid type W ater Water-alcohol mixture Oil Oil Oil Oil Molten salt Oil Molten salt Liquid metal Liquid metal Alcohol Alcohol Alcohol Alcohol Alcohol Oil T (oC) 0 to 100 Density, Cp, (kg/m3) (kJ/kg.K) 1000 4.19 k, (W/m.K) 0.63 at 38oC 0.112 at 260oC 0.106 at 343oC 0.249 at 20oC 0.61 0.145 0.57 38.1 67.5 1050 3.47 -10 to 315 2.3 12 to 260 -18 to 315 2.4 867 2.2 -9 to 343 141 to 540 up to 160 220 to 540 180 to 1300 100 to 760 upto78 upto97 up to 118 up to 100 up to 148 up to 126 750 2.1 1116 2.382 1680 1.56 888 1.88 1733 1.55 510 4.19 960 1.3 790 2.4 800 2.5 809 2.4 808 3 831 2.2 704 2.4 Solid materials such as rocks, metals, concrete, sand or bricks, can be used for thermal energy storage as they do not freeze or boil. The difficulties of the high vapour pressure of water and the limitations of other liquids can be avoided by storing thermal energy as sensible heat in solids. Solids do not leak from their container. The highest product in the list of solid materials for sensible heat storage is cast iron, which exceeds the energy density level of water storage. However, cast iron is more expensive than stone or brick and, hence, the payback period is much longer. Pebble beds or rock piles are generally preferred due to their low cost. Most of the materials proposed for high temperature (120-1400oC) energy storage are either inorganic salts or metals (Shitzer and Levy, 1983). The use of metal media is advantageous where high thermal conductivity is required and where cost is of secondary importance. Solid industrial wastes like copper slag, iron slag, cast iron slag, aluminium slag and copper chips could be used as storage material for energy storage, Table 7. 33PDF Image | EPSRC Thermal Management of Industrial Processes
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