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∆H = 100.4 kJ/mol • At 150-210oC (CH3)2CO(g) +H2(g) →(CH3)2CHOH(g) ∆H = -55.0 kJ/mol The benefit of upgrading heat is turning low value heat into high value heat that better serves economic purposes. Researchers have considered thermal upgrading for district heating, via modelling, concluding that it is more economically feasible and attractive than mechanical vapour compression heat pumps (Ajah et al, 2008). 4.3.4 Characteristics of adsorbent The characteristics of the adsorbents: • Generally have low thermal conductivity leading to longer periods of adsorption and desorption; • Mass transfer depends on adsorbate flowing through the bed (interparticle flow) and through the adsorbent (intra-particle diffusion due to concentration differences, molecular diffusion, Knudsen diffusion, and surface diffusion); • Performance governed largely by available surface area; • Distribution of temperature and adsorbate concentration is influenced by the bed porosity; • Adsorption period increases with the increase of the porosity value; • Increase of porosity reduces the thermal conductivity, heat transfer rate and the period of the adsorption process; • Non-polar or hydrophobic adsorbents have more affinity for oils and gases than for water, e.g. activated carbons, polymer adsorbents and silicalites (Srivastava and Eames, 1998); and • Polar or hydrophilic adsorbents have more affinity for water, e.g. gel, zeolites and porous or active alumina. 4.3.4 Typical adsorbents Attributes of silica gel: o Silica gel is chemically bonded traces of water (about 5%) in the form SiO2.xH2O; o Silica gel is only used at temperature under 200oC because when overheated, this water is lost along with its adsorption capacity; o Available in various pore sizes, the smaller the pore size the greater is the surface area per unit mass, typically 650 m2g-1; 42PDF Image | EPSRC Thermal Management of Industrial Processes
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