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storage in certain countries where permafrost is significant may not go down well environmentally, as many climate scientists are worried that the melting of permafrost as a result of global warming, could raise sea level. 6. Conclusions This report identifies the various technologies available for thermal energy storage. The most promising routes are usually a combination of different technologies and vary by their intended applications. When considering thermal storage technologies, this report also attempts to cover a few other variables, such as heat pumps to enable transfer of heat for heat storage, heat transfer fluid since various fluids have various heat transfer properties such as thermal conductivity, energy storage density, and design of storage tanks. All these factors determine the feasibility and the appropriate applications of certain thermal storage technologies. The variables considered in this report are only a general overview, not intended as a detailed study of each thermal storage technology. Although there are applications where thermal energy storages are in the form of stored ‘cold’, for example using excess electricity to make and store ice to be used in cooling applications later on, this report does not attempt to cover the ‘cold’ storage as this review is based on the UK scenario where cooling applications are rarely needed. A few technologies have been identified to be of great potential: • Phase change materials (latent heat storage); • Sensible heat storage; • Chemical/ bond storage; and • Metal hydride storage. Applications of these TES technologies largely depend on type of heat source, for example: (i) industrial heat source has better economy of scale than smaller more localised heat sources such as vehicle engines. The weight of the heat storage medium is of less importance in industry since the burden of transportation is less than in, for example, vehicle engines. (ii) chemical/bond storage and metal hydride storage are particularly interesting because they have the potential to upgrade widely available low grade heat source to high grade heat as high grade heat source has more practical applications, especially in heavy industries. a. Chemical/ bond storage also works as an adsorption heat pump with same function as mechanical vapour compression heat pump. Although adsorption heat pumps have generally lower COP < 1 while mechanical heat pumps have COP > 3, the former is more energy efficient than the latter. Adsorption heat pumps though are impeded by their bulkiness. 53PDF Image | EPSRC Thermal Management of Industrial Processes
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