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Fossil Fuel and Geothermal Energy Sources for Local Use in Alaska Chapter B, Aleutians Figure B2. Location map of the eastern Aleutians Energy Region showing selected geographic references noted in the text (note inset detailed map of Staniukovich Peninsula). Black dots indicate reported coal occurrences; yellow-shaded areas inferred to be underlain by coal-bearing rocks. Lake Formation in the vicinity of Bear Lake. Coal-bearing strata of the Chignik Formation occupy at least 130 square kilometers, with principal exposures at Mine Creek (Mine Harbor area), Coal Bluff, Coal Valley and east of Coal Valley, Lawrence Valley, and Coal Point (Merritt, 1986a; Merritt and McGee, 1986). In the area of Coal Point, coals are discontinuously exposed along the beach for 6.5 kilometers (Merritt and McGee, 1986. The coal has a high-volatile bituminous B rank and high ash content (Merritt, 1986a; Merritt and McGee, 1986). Heating values of about 12,000 Btu/lb can be achieved after washing the coal (Conwell and Triplehorn, 1978). Fifteen coalbeds have been identified in the lower Chignik Formation at these locations with typical thicknesses of 2 feet or less (Atwood, 1911). However, bed thicknesses vary considerably over short lateral distances (Merritt and McGee, 1986) and one report indicated a coal unit up to 10 feet thick (Paige, 1906). Merritt and McGee (1986) estimate total coal resources in the Herendeen Bay field to be about 138 million short tons (125 million metric tons). Chignik Formation strata in the area, primarily on the Staniukovich Peninsula due east of Herendeen Bay, are commonly displaced by faults with several meters to 300 meters of offset (Merritt and McGee, 1986). This is especially true for the area due east of Coal Bluff, where faulting is particularly common (Decker and others, 2008). Such structural complexities disrupt the continuity of coalbeds and can hamper their extraction. Coal studies in this area have consisted of field work in the 1980s that included measured stratigraphic sections and coal quality analyses (Merritt and McGee, 1986). Additional work involving geologic field mapping accompanied by stratigraphic and coal quality studies and exploratory drilling are required to better define the reserves in this area. Merritt (1987) mentions that exploratory drilling for coal has been performed in the Herendeen Bay field and/or Unga Island field in the past, but provides no further details, and no additional information has been uncovered for this report. Although not a particularly large coal reserve as currently understood, the relatively high heating value of its coal and proximity to tidewater may make the Herendeen Bay field, along with the Chignik field in the Bristol Bay development region to the northeast, an attractive target for future study. However, the Herendeen Bay field is part of the Pavlof Unit of the Alaska Peninsula National Wildlife Preserve and surface access for further geologic investigations and potential exploitation of the resource would need to be researched carefully. Unga Island field. The Unga Island coal field is located on Unga Island, the largest of the Shumagin Islands, about 3.5 miles off the northwestern coast of the Alaska Peninsula near Pavlof Bay and approximately 265 miles southwest of Kodiak Island (fig. B2). Coals in the Unga Island field are derived from the lower to middle Miocene Unga Conglomerate unit. Most are of low rank, yielding relatively low heating values. The coals are typically lignite, but include less abundant Page 15 AleutiansPDF Image | FOSSIL FUEL AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SOURCES FOR LOCAL USE
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