PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 040
Chapter C, Bering Straits Fossil Fuel and Geothermal Energy Sources for Local Use in Alaska Peninsula, including the York Mountains, Kigluaik Mountains, Darby Mountains, Bendeleben Mountains, and the Midnight Mountain area. Plains and lowlands containing numerous small lakes occur along the coastline, along the valleys of the larger rivers and in isolated basins north and south of the Bendeleben and Darby mountains. There are volcanic remnants in the Devil Mountain area of the Seward Peninsula and on Saint Lawrence Island, south of Savoonga (Wahrhaftig, 1965). The geologic history of the Bering Straits Energy Region is complicated, and in many areas the details are poorly understood. Till and others (2011) compiled available geologic data for the region and present a useful, up-to-date summary of the geologic evolution of the Seward Peninsula. Rock types include sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic varieties and range in age from Paleozoic through Cenozoic. However, major stratigraphic, lithologic, and structural discontinuities indicate that the geologic history of the region involves large-scale tectonic displacements interspersed with periods of erosion, deposition, and volcanism (Patton and others, 1994). The exposed bedrock of most of the region comprises intensely deformed and/or metamorphosed Precambrian, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic sedimentary and volcanic rocks (Till and Dumoulin, 1994). Numerous stocks and plutons of granitic rocks of Cretaceous and possibly Tertiary age intrude these older units and basalts of Pliocene and Quaternary age cover substantial parts of the region. Significant fault zones include the Kugruk fault zone, which parallels the eastern extent of the Seward Peninsula, and the Kaltag fault, which transects the Bering Straits Energy Region south of Unalakleet. In various places throughout the region, localized structural or topographic basins contain deposits of Cretaceous and Tertiary age coal, shale, sandstone, and conglomerate (sheet 2). GEOLOGIC ENERGY RESOURCE POTENTIAL IN THE BERING STRAITS ENERGY REGION Mineable coal resource potential Coal quality and extent depend on geologic age, depositional setting, and tectonic history. The formation of thick, widespread coal packages requires long time periods of vegetation growth and accumulation in boggy, terrestrial basins sheltered from significant influxes of clastic sediments and accompanied by steady basin subsidence resulting in burial (see Chapter A). Available geophysical evidence, subsurface data, and geologic mapping suggest that most of the Bering Straits Energy Region is underlain by Mesozoic and older igneous, metamorphic, and volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks (Till and others, 2011). Surface exposures of younger, nonmarine siltstone and sandstone lithologies are deposited in fluvial to lacustrine environments that have associated coal deposits. More often these younger, Tertiary-age rocks are eroded or are present in subsiding graben-like structures and covered by Quaternary sediments. Along a number of riverbanks the eroded remnants of the coal deposits are found as small to large fragments of coal ‘float’ in the river gravels. However, localized coal deposits do exist and drilling has identified some subsurface coals in the region. During the 1980s, several northwest Alaska coal exploration field programs were conducted to ascertain the lateral and/or subsurface extent of known coal exposures throughout the region. Localities selected for detailed investigation within the region were: the Kutzitrin River, McCarthy’s Marsh, Death Valley, and Boulder Creek coal districts (fig. C2) and the Sinuk River and Koyuk coal occurrences on the Seward Peninsula; the Unalakleet coal occurrence (fig. C3); and the Niyrakpak Lagoon coal occurrence on St. Lawrence Island (fig. C4). In the early 1900s, lignite was mined from a bed of coal up to 12 feet thick exposed in a pingo near Turner Creek in the Kuzitrin basin (fig. C2; Hopkins, 1963). In 1982, DGGS visited this locality and collected a sample for coal quality analyses and looked at other outcrops of the Tertiary-age Noxapaga Formation for additional coal seams (Clough and others, 1995). The apparent rank of the coal here is lignite (Clough and others, 1995) and no other substantial coal seams were located. Dames & Moore (1980) suggest that the coal-bearing sediments may extend to the northeast beneath Tertiary-age basalt flows, based on a gravity anomaly associated with the Kuzitrin basin shown in a gravity map by Barnes and Hudson (1977). Unnamed coal-bearing strata occur at the southernmost edge of the Kiwalik River basin in the Candle Quadrangle (fig. C2). These locations of Tertiary-age coal were first reported by Harrington (1919) and later located by precious- metal exploration in the area and summarized in Dames & Moore (1980). Clough and others (1995) report that extensive areas of the Kiwalik and adjacent Buckland and Koyuk basins are covered by extensive basalt flows that hide the suspected coal-bearing rocks below. The linear shape of the Kiwalik and Buckland basins suggests that they are fault controlled (Dames & Moore, 1980), suggesting they may be similar to other fault-bounded Tertiary basins on the Seward Peninsula. Resource Associates of Alaska examined a 20- to 30-foot- long slumped outcrop of clay and coal on Wilson Creek (fig. C2), a tributary to the Kiwalik River and located a visible 3-foot-thick bed of coal (Fankhauser and others, 1978). Samples of coal float collected from the Wilson Creek area by DGGS in 1982 are lignite in apparent rank based on coal quality analyses (Clough and others, 1995). The Death Valley basin and its southern extension, Boulder Creek basin (fig. C2), that lie east of the Darby Mountains in the southeastern Bendeleben Quadrangle, contain the thickest documented Tertiary-age coal seams on the Seward Peninsula. Eocene-age coals here are up to 175 feet thick, their discovery in the subsurface the result of exploration drilling for uranium in 1980 (Dickinson and Bering Straits Page 24PDF Image | FOSSIL FUEL AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SOURCES FOR LOCAL USE
PDF Search Title:
FOSSIL FUEL AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SOURCES FOR LOCAL USEOriginal File Name Searched:
sr066.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)