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Chapter C, Bering Straits Fossil Fuel and Geothermal Energy Sources for Local Use in Alaska Residents of the village of Koyuk have picked up coal along the Norton Bay beach for many years and sometime before 1909 coal was prospected on a creek informally called “Coal Creek” by the local residents (fig. C2). Harrington (1919) indicated that second-hand reports suggested the presence of a 2- to 4-foot-thick coalbed exposed near the mouth of the Koyuk River and that a coal mining permit was issued in 1919 for somewhere on the Koyuk River. During 1982–1983, the State of Alaska explored for coal in the area around Koyuk with subcontractors. This program drilled a number of exploratory rotary drill holes and conducted surface mapping and geophysics on approximately 230 acres near the mouth of the Koyuk River (see Manning and Stevens, 1982; Ramsey and others, 1986; Clough and others, 1995). Results from this program indicate that the coals are in irregularly-shaped lenses rather than laterally continuous coal seams and most of the subbituminous coals are less than 1.5 feet thick (Ramsey and others, 1986; Clough and others, 1995). At least 300 short tons of coal were mined from a shallow adit on the beach near Unalakleet in 1918 for steamship use (fig. C3; Cathcart, 1920). In 1982 DGGS conducted field studies in the Unalakleet region and in 1983 a subcontractor for the State of Alaska drilled 12 rotary drill holes along the coast at the top of the bluff (Ramsey and others, 1986; Clough and others, 1995). Thin lenses of lignite were intercepted in seven of the drill holes, with the thickest lignite, 2 feet, encountered in a single drill hole (Ramsey and others, 1986; Clough and others, 1995). The thickest exposure of coal is at the mouth of Coal Mine Creek, where a 6-foot-wide pod of clayey lignite pinches out laterally within approximately 20 feet. This pod of coal is probably the bed mined in 1918; it now contains very limited reserves (Clough and others, 1995). The 1983 drilling results indicate that the subsurface coals encountered in the bluffs dip at a steep angle of 40° to 45° east (Ramsey and others, 1986) and would therefore be at deep, unmineable depths within a short distance onshore (Clough and others, 1995). Additionally, the minimum Bering Straits Figure C3. Map of the Unalakleet area, showing the location of a historic coal mine (pick-axe symbol) discussed in the text. Page 26PDF Image | FOSSIL FUEL AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SOURCES FOR LOCAL USE
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