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Chapter D, Bristol Bay Fossil Fuel and Geothermal Energy Sources for Local Use in Alaska remote region. Although local exploration may succeed in identifying a resource, developing this type of unconventional play typically involves significant drilling and stimulation costs that could challenge its economic viability as a local source of energy. Shale gas. Prior geologic investigations have not documented extensively fractured source rocks that are in the thermogenic gas window. The likelihood of finding commercial quantities of shale gas in the region is low and no further action is recommended at this time. However, unconventional shale oil has never been evaluated in the region and the high quality of oil-prone Mesozoic source rocks may warrant further geologic study to determine their potential. Gas hydrates. Due to the lack of extensive, continuous permafrost in most of southern Alaska, the likelihood of finding gas hydrates in the region are very low, therefore no further action is recommended. Coal resource recommendations Coals from the Chignik Field offer the greatest potential to produce an economic resource. Prior work has established the presence of an extensive resource with appropriate coal quality. However, available information suggests the stratigraphic and structural complexity of the area would pose a challenge to any effort to exploit this resource for local energy use. A robust assessment of the coal potential of the Chignik region would require significant geologic mapping and topical stratigraphic studies of the coal-bearing section. Although these investigations should be a necessary precursor to any exploratory program, ultimately subsurface drilling data would likely be required to delineate the resource and accurately appraise the economic viability of potential resource development. Available information suggests coals from other areas in the region are unlikely to represent an exploitable resource. However, prior work has been largely reconnaissance in nature, and additional field studies of the local geology could improve our knowledge of the potential for mineable coal in regions like the Ugashik Lakes area. Geothermal resource recommendations Evidence for elevated subsurface heat flows in the Bristol Bay Region is closely associated with the Aleutian volcanic arc. Of the two thermal springs in the region, only Mother Goose has a discharge temperature >100°F (38°C). Steaming ground fumaroles and boiling-lake fumaroles are also abundant in the Mount Katmai region. However, these indications of active hydrothermal systems are currently located on protected federal lands and not available for development. In addition, the distance between population centers and known occurrences of elevated subsurface temperatures will be a limiting economic factor for geothermal exploration or development of any potential resource for local energy use. REFERENCES CITED AND SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1986, Summary of existing data and potential for commercial hydrocarbon accumulations, Bristol Bay, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Public Data File 86-13, 20 p. Alaska Energy Authority (AEA), 2009, Alaska energy—A first step toward energy independence: Alaska Energy Authority, 245 pages. Available online at http://www. aidea.org/AEA/ (accessed November 12, 2009). Anchorage Daily News, 2005, Bristol Bay looks good to oil firm: Anchorage Daily News, October 8, 2005, p. A1. Beikman, H.M., 1980, Geologic map of Alaska: U.S. Geo- logical Survey special map, 2 sheets, scale 1:2,500,000. Blodgett, R.B., and Clautice, K.H., 2005, Oil and gas seeps of the Puale Bay–Becharof Lake–Wide Bay region, northern Alaska Peninsula: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Preliminary Interpretive Report 2005-6, 13 p., 1 sheet. Bolger, G.W., and Reifenstuhl, R.R., 2008, Mercury injec- tion capillary pressure and reservoir seal capacity of 26 outcrop samples, Miocene to Triassic age, in Reifenstuhl, R.R., and Decker, P.L., eds., Bristol Bay–Alaska Penin- sula region, overview of 2004–2007 geologic research: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Report of Investigation 2008-1D, p. 69–78. Box, S.E., and Elder, W.P., 1992, Depositional and biostrati- graphic framework of the Upper Cretaceous Kuskokwim Group, southwestern Alaska, in Bradley, D.C., and Ford, A.B., eds., 1992, Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Bul- letin 1999, 244 p. Box, S.E., and W.W. Patton, Jr., 1989, Igneous history of the Koyukuk terrane, western Alaska—Constraints on the origin, evolution, and ultimate collision of an accreted island arc terrane: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 94, no. B II, p. 15,925–15,940. Burk, C.A., 1965, Geology of the Alaska Peninsula—Island Arc and Continental Margin: The Geological Society of America Memoir 99, 250 p., 3 sheets. Calderwood, K.W., and Fackler, W.C., 1972, Proposed strati- graphic nomenclature for Kenai Group, Cook Inlet basin, Alaska: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 56, p. 739–754. Capps, S.R., 1923, The Cold Bay district, in U.S. Geological Survey Staff, eds., Mineral resources of Alaska; Report on progress of investigations in 1921: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 739, p. 77–116, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000. Conwell, C.N., and Triplehorn, D.M., 1978, Herendeen Bay– Chignik coals, southern Alaska Peninsula: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Special Report 8, 15 p., 2 sheets, scale 1:125,000. Bristol Bay Page 40PDF Image | FOSSIL FUEL AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SOURCES FOR LOCAL USE
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