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Fossil Fuel and Geothermal Energy Sources for Local Use in Alaska Chapter E, Copper River–Chugach Figure E2. Location map of the Copper River–Chugach Energy Region, showing selected geographic references noted in the text. The black triangle indicates the location of the methane-emitting Tolsona group of mud volcanoes; black dots indicate reported coal occurrences; yellow-shaded areas are inferred to be underlain by coal-bearing rocks. Formation (Mendenhall, 1905), and are also lignite in rank. Beds are reportedly up to 30 inches thick, but are likely of limited lateral extent (Moffit, 1954). Principal exposures occur near the range front along the Delta, Gulkana, Gakona, and Chisana river drainages (Moffit, 1954), although lignite beds presumably continue into the subsurface for some distance southward into the Copper River basin (sheet 2; fig. E2). A number of oil and gas exploration wells drilled in the Copper River basin have encountered lignite seams. Shallow Tertiary sedimentary rocks in the Salmonberry No. 1 and Rainbow No. 1 wells contain low-rank coal in individual seams up to 30 feet thick, and at depths of between 700 and 2,000 feet (Crick and Lian, 1970). Near Lake Louise, the lignite is near the surface and has been encountered at shallow depths in water wells drilled in the area (J. Clough, oral commun., 2012). In the middle of the Copper River basin, Merritt and Hawley (1986) depict a poorly constrained, but sizable lignite field in Miocene-age sediments in the Lake Louise area (fig. E2). Conventional oil and gas resource potential As explained in the discussion of requirements for exploitable oil and gas resources (see Chapter A), functioning petroleum systems occur in thick sedimentary basins, and consist of three basic elements: effective source rocks, reservoirs, and traps. Each of the elements must be in existence and connected at the time hydrocarbons are generated. This section considers each of these necessary elements of petroleum systems in turn to evaluate whether conventional oil and gas resources may play a role in supplying rural energy in the Copper River–Chugach Energy Region. Overview of sedimentary basins. Sedimentary basins that may be capable of sustaining effective petroleum systems in the Copper River–Chugach region include the Copper River basin and the northwestern part of the Gulf of Alaska basin (sheet 2; fig. E2). Neither basin currently supports commercial oil or gas production, but recent gas exploration has been undertaken in the Copper River basin, and the Katalla oil field in the northern Gulf of Alaska basin was the site of shallow, small-scale commercial oil production from 1902 to 1932. These two sedimentary basins are entirely separate from each other and were formed at different times in response to the plate tectonic processes that assembled numerous different crustal blocks or terranes to form the complex geologic mosaic of southern Alaska. Other parts of the Copper River–Chugach Energy Region are underlain by igneous, metamorphic, or thermally overmature sedimentary Page 45 Copper River–ChugachPDF Image | FOSSIL FUEL AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SOURCES FOR LOCAL USE
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