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Chapter F, Kodiak Fossil Fuel and Geothermal Energy Sources for Local Use in Alaska Kodiak Figure F3. Location map of the western, mainland portion of the Kodiak Energy Region (Alaska Peninsula). Black dots in the Puale Bay and Lower Ugashik Lake areas indicate reported coal occurrences. incapable of sustaining functioning petroleum systems. Less deformed late Cenozoic (Neogene) sandstone and siltstone are exposed very locally on the southeastern shore of Kodiak Island and on islands at the south end of the archipelago (Lyle and others, 1978; Marincovich, 1990). This Neogene sedimentary sequence thickens appreciably offshore into the Tugidak, Trinity, Albatross, and Stevenson basins of the Kodiak shelf (sheet 2). These shelf basins are tens to hundreds of kilometers offshore and contain 3–7 km of relatively undeformed Miocene and younger sedimentary fill (Fisher and others, 1984; Kirschner, 1988). Seismic basement beneath these Neogene basins is believed to be mainly Eocene and older rocks similar to non-prospective rocks of similar age onshore (Von Huene and others, 1980; Fisher, 1988). Six continental offshore stratigraphic test (COST) wells were drilled on the Kodiak shelf in 1976 and 1977 to acquire data in preparation for a possible lease sale that never occurred (Turner and others, 1987). Northwest of the Kodiak archipelago, Shelikof Strait is a relatively shallow southern extension of Cook Inlet basin (sheet 2). Containing up to approximately 2 kilometers of Cenozoic strata (Magoon and others, 1979; Kirschner, 1988), this narrow basin lacks the thicker depocenters found outboard of the islands on the Kodiak shelf. However, seismic data indicate that Cenozoic strata of Shelikof Strait unconformably overlie the Mesozoic formations that host oil and gas seeps on the southeastern end of the Alaska Peninsula and source the oil in Cenozoic reservoirs in upper Cook Inlet (Magoon and others, 1979; Magoon, 1986). Source rocks. The Neogene sequence that fills the offshore Kodiak shelf basins contains organically lean shales and other non-source rock types; few intervals are known to exceed 0.5 percent total organic carbon (Fisher and others, 1984; Fisher, 1988). There is a greater chance of sourcing hydrocarbons from the underlying Eocene strata, but even these are only marginally carbon rich(<0.6 percent total organic carbon), contain only gas-prone terrestrial kerogen, and are thermally immature to marginally mature where they have been penetrated by wells (Horowitz and others, 1998). This potential source interval may be more thermally mature if it exists beneath thick Neogene depocenters. Gas shows were described from one of the six COST wells, but there is no indication that these shows represented a producible gas accumulation. It is probable that source rocks of the Middle Jurassic Tuxedni Group (source of oil in Cook Inlet) or the partially equivalent Kialagvik Formation exist and are thermally mature beneath much of Shelikof Strait (Magoon and others, 1979; Bruns, 1982). If so, hydrocarbons generated in these units would likely migrate up to and across the unconformity at the base of Cenozoic strata, where they may or may not have encountered shallowly-buried reservoirs. The only well drilled offshore in Shelikof Strait (OCS Y-0248-1/1A) encountered minor shows of dry, possibly biogenic, gas associated with coals in the Cenozoic section, and trace amounts of probable thermogenic hydrocarbons in Mesozoic rocks. Page 56PDF Image | FOSSIL FUEL AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SOURCES FOR LOCAL USE
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