FOSSIL FUEL AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SOURCES FOR LOCAL USE

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FOSSIL FUEL AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SOURCES FOR LOCAL USE ( fossil-fuel-and-geothermal-energy-sources-for-local-use )

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Fossil Fuel and Geothermal Energy Sources for Local Use in Alaska Chapter F, Kodiak Figure F4. Location map of the Shelikof Strait area of the Kodiak Energy Region (Alaska Peninsula). Black dots mark reported coal occurrences. Reservoir rocks. Potential reservoir units in the offshore Neogene basins of the Kodiak shelf consist of marine shelf turbidite sandstones. These sandstones are mostly Middle Miocene age, more quartz-rich than older Cenozoic sandstones, and have low to moderate reservoir quality (Horowitz and others, 1998; MMS, 2006a,b). Cenozoic sandstones in Shelikof Strait are similar in many respects to age-equivalent reservoir formations of the lower and upper Cook Inlet. However, their shallow depth in much of Shelikof Strait is a practical concern (Bruns, 1982) as it could imply ineffective seals and low reservoir pressures. The OCS Y-0248-1/1A well encountered the base of the sandy Cenozoic section at a depth of only 2,619 feet below sea level in Shelikof Strait, underlain by dominantly fine-grained Mesozoic rocks. Although the reservoir potential of the Mesozoic section is unknown, it likely includes thick Jurassic sandstone and some limestone that, where favorably altered, could serve as hydrocarbon reservoirs. Limited outcrop data from correlative units in lower Cook Inlet and the Alaska Peninsula have not identified significant porosity or permeability in Jurassic rocks (Helmold and others, 2008, 2011). Traps. Numerous structural traps are mappable from seismic data offshore on the Kodiak shelf and in Shelikof Strait (Hoose and Whitney, 1980; Fisher and others, 1984; Fisher, 1993). The most prospective of these structures are anticlines related to thrust faults and normal faults (Horowitz and others, 1998) that coexist in this high-relief continental shelf prism adjacent to the Aleutian trench subduction zone. Summary of conventional oil and gas resource potential. Currently available data suggest the chance is low that recoverable oil resources are accessible either onshore or offshore in the Kodiak Energy Region. However, the data are very limited and the identification of significant Jurassic or even Triassic oil-prone source rocks would significantly improve the prospects for this area. There is an estimated 40 percent chance (Horowitz and others, 1998) that technically recoverable gas exists beneath the federally managed waters of the Kodiak shelf offshore of the Kodiak Energy Region. The most recent federal assessment (MMS, 2006a,b) estimates the mean undiscovered, technically recoverable resource at 1.8 trillion cubic feet (TCF), likely distributed as small accumulations among many different late Cenozoic reservoirs in anticlinal traps tens to hundreds of kilometers offshore. Unconventional oil and gas resource potential Coalbed methane. As noted above, coal resources in the Kodiak region are areally limited, discontinuous, and of uncertain thickness (Nilsen and Moore, 1979). There is very little in the public record documenting the nature of coals on Kodiak and surrounding islands. Available data on the thickness of these coals, combined with uncertain areal footprint, suggests they would be ineffective as potential sources of coalbed methane. Page 57 Kodiak

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