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Chapter G, Lower Yukon–Kuskokwim Fossil Fuel and Geothermal Energy Sources for Local Use in Alaska capable of generating biogenic gas or even thermogenic gas and condensates in the deepest part of the basin. The area comprising the deepest part of the basin is small and unlikely to support sizable petroleum accumulations. Nonetheless, the State should encourage private-sector exploration of the Tertiary Holitna basin, as it is possible that a small, but locally significant, gas accumulation could be present. Of the areas covered in this summary, the Norton basin, located a short distance north of the Yukon delta in the Bering Sea and just beyond the boundary of the Lower Yukon–Kuskokwim region, is the most prospective for conventional gas. The large capital costs associated with offshore exploration and the low chance of achieving the desired outcome, suggest this type of future work will be conducted by industry as part of a search for commercially viable accumulations. The discovery of an economic gas field could result in the availability of natural gas for local energy needs. Exploration risk could be reduced with the acquisition of modern three-dimensional (3-D) seismic data that can potentially directly image hydrocarbon accumulations. Geothermal resource recommendations The remote location of the Ophir and Chuilnuk hot springs limit their utility as potential sources of geothermal energy. However, the presence of shallow heat flow at these springs is a positive indication of a locally elevated geothermal gradient, allowing for the possibility of additional hidden geothermal resources elsewhere in the region. Exploring directly for these potential resources would be difficult and expensive. One option to assist in the identification of areas of higher potential would be to include evaluation of local and regional geothermal gradients during mineral resource exploration activities, such as airborne geophysical surveys and core drilling. Unconventional oil and gas resource recommendations Coalbed methane. Due to the limited stratigraphic and areal extent of coals along the Cheeneetnuk River and on Nelson Island, the volume of coal likely present in these areas is insufficient to generate commercial quantities of coalbed methane. Coal and carbonaceous mudstone may be present in the subsurface Tertiary Holitna basin, but no subsurface data are available that test this possibility. Nearby outcrops of coal-bearing strata along the Denali–Farewell fault zone in the McGrath Quadrangle are highly deformed. If a similarly deformed coal-bearing section is present in the subsurface Holitna basin, its coalbed methane potential could be limited by steeply-dipping beds and extreme compartmentalization into many small, fault-bounded blocks. Tight gas sands. Due to the lack of potential gas source rocks, the tight gas sand potential of Cretaceous strata in the region is low. For reasons mentioned above, the tight gas sand potential of the Tertiary Bethel and Holitna basins is low. Any projects to evaluate tight gas sands in the region should only be undertaken in combination with a more comprehensive analysis of the biogenic and thermogenic gas potential in any of the area’s sedimentary basins. Shale gas. Due to the lack of extensively fractured source rocks present within the thermogenic gas window, the likelihood of finding commercial quantities of shale gas in the region is low, therefore no further action is recommended. Gas hydrates. Due to the lack of extensive permafrost and absence of identified source rocks, the likelihood of finding gas hydrates in the region is very low and therefore no further action is recommended. Coal resource recommendations Available information suggests that coals in seams of mineable thickness are limited to a small area along the Cheeneetnuk River in the southwestern and northwestern McGrath and Lime Hills quadrangles, respectively. Available data also suggest that the lateral extent of seams in this area is limited. Additional geologic mapping combined with excavation of shallow test pits could alter this conclusion and represent the next logical step in exploring the possibility that mineable coal deposits are present in this area. This area’s location far from rural communities does not currently justify this work. However, if mineral development were to occur nearer to these coals, then the resource may warrant additional evaluation as a local source of energy for a mine. REFERENCES CITED AND SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY Barnes, F.F., 1967, Coal resources of Alaska: U.S. Geologi- cal Survey Bulletin 1242-B, p. B1–B36, 1 sheet, scale 1:2,500,000. Box, S.E., and Elder, W.P., 1992, Depositional and biostrati- graphic framework of the Upper Cretaceous Kuskokwim Group, southwestern Alaska, in Bradley, D.C., and Ford, A.B., eds., Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geo- logical Survey, 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1999, p. 8–16. Bundtzen, T.K., and Kline, J.T., 1986, Coal, peat, and geo- thermal potential of the Kuskokwim Area Plan: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Public Data File 86-88, 16 pages. Clough, J.G., Blodgett, R.B., Clautice, K.H., Banet. A.C., Jr., and McAtee, J.A., in press, New Insights on Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous coals of Southeast and Southwest Alaska, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Preliminary Interpretive Report. Clough, J.G., Hickok, B.D., McAtee, J.A., and John, A., 1994, Coal occurrences on Nelson Island, Southwest Alaska, in Rao, P.D., and Walsh, D.E., eds., Focus on Alaska’s Coal 1993: University of Alaska Fairbanks Mineral Industry Research Laboratory Report Number 94, p. 107–112. Lower Yukon–Kuskokwim Page 70PDF Image | FOSSIL FUEL AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SOURCES FOR LOCAL USE
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